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http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo/meinung/komei29.htm   Internet  5.1.1999 ca. 21.45 Uhr _________________________________________________________________________

Betreff:         [kosovo highlights] SZ: The Next War in Kosovo
Datum:         Tue, 05 Jan 1999 21:12:35 +0100
    Von:         "Fr. Sava" <decani@EUnet.yu>
  Firma:         Decani Monastery
Translated from German
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Sueddeutsche Zeitung(Munich)  28 December 1998

THE NEXT WAR IN KOSOVO

Commentary by Peter Muench

One need not be a Cassandra to predict a big, new war between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo for 1999. For war there determines existence and consciousness. It dominates the Albanians' everyday life and thoughts. No faint-hearted mediation from abroad, no treaty on paper was able to change anything about that. In 1998 the Kosovars rebelled against the Serbian oppression they endured for years. They fought, and they paid a high price for it. For two short months beginning in October, relative calm prevailed. But on Christmas, there was shooting again, tanks rolled again, houses burned again.

In Kosovo, peace no longer has a foundation. War has seized upon people's minds. Whoever intended to build a house has laid the plans aside. Without interruption Albanians in foreign countries are sending money for the war of independence, or are themselves signing up for the army. People have interwoven their existence so closely with the war that it has become a natural component of culture and folklore. Last week, applause interrupted the performance at a music festival in Albania's capital, Tirana, whenever the song on stage -- in hip-hop or ballad rhythm -- was about the heroic struggle for national liberation which cost many lives. In the jewelers' displays there are golden amulets with the abbreviation "UCK," of the Kosovo liberation army. "We are all UCK"-- in the year now ending, this sentence has become a familiar citation.

For all that, these troops are not an advertisement for the Albanians. They are scarcely second in brutality to the Serb army or police units. They murder in ambushes, they assassinate reputed collaborators. Using muggings and abductions, they spread fear and terror among the 200, 000 Serbs who live among the barely 2 million Albanians. Moreover, the UCK has made devastating mistakes. When they switched from a guerrilla war to a strategy of making land gains in the summer, they gave the Serbs a pretext for ethnic cleansing. About 300,000 Albanians thus became refugees. Nearly two thirds of them have still not dared to return to their extensively destroyed villages.

But this UCK is the only force from which the Albanians hope for something. The West can only attribute this to itself. For it has not only disappointed the Albanians, it has also deluded them. It offered itself as a mediator. Yet the West one-sidedly concluded the deal with Slobodan Milosevic, with the man who turned the Balkans from Croatia through Bosnia to Kosovo into a conflagration in the Nineties. For days in October, the American Balkan ambassador, Holbrooke, struggled with the Serb leader. Precisely what was agreed upon remains a secret today. Only this message reached the public: Milosevic gave in under the threat of NATO bombardment; he is pulling units of his forces back from Kosovo. To the Albanians went the succinct demand: now agree with the Serbs on the future status of the province. Yet without massive foreign involvement, that is about as unrealistic as resurrecting the war dead.

If we do not help ourselves, nobody will help us -- the Albanians have to draw this lesson from diplomacy's fiasco. In the West, people are all to happy to remain blind to this reality; for example, with the aid of that unarmed OSCE observer mission in Kosovo, which has not to date been brought up to its authorized strength of 2,000 men. Or one yields to illusions and adorns Ibrahim Rugova, the "President" of the Kosovo Albanians and preacher of non-violence, with peace prizes. (in December alone, he received two of them, one the Sakharov prize of the EU parliament). Yet such distinctions do not count in his homeland. Rugova has lost influence to the extent that western solidarity speeches have proven to be mere lip service. Many people consider him a failure, some even as a traitor to the Albanian cause. The UCK alone seems capable of acting.

That is deadly, for the liberation army knows only one goal: Kosovo's independence. And it knows only one means: war. It is doubtful that it will ever reach its goal in light of the superiority of the Serbian combat forces. Yet it will surely employ its means. The most recent escalation is a typical example; it shows the pattern for this war's conduct: The UCK provokes, and the Serbs strike back with all their power. There is a second pattern parallel to that: that of ritualized warnings and threats. From Washington to Bonn, from NATO General Clark to Secretary General Solana, the same words were heard as were two months ago, six months ago, ten months ago.

The war is going in circles in Kosovo. If it now enters a new round, there are only two possibilities. The West will engage in massive intervention, as in Bosnia -- it had 60,000 soldiers there-- to separate the warring parties. Or it will stay out -- and risk a genocide.


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