_______________________________________________________________________Taken without permission, for fair use only.
___________________________________ZëRI DIGEST
Nr. 1670, July 18, 1998
THE PRICE OF NEGOTIATIONS
By Blerim SHALAThe fact that senior Western officials so frequently mention the autonomy as a model for the resolution of the Kosova issue, and the attempt of equalizing the fault between aggressors and defenders, may serve only as a fuel to speed up the process of covering the entire Kosova in fire burnt together with Albanian houses in Likoshan, Qirez and Prekazi i Ulët. You cannot stop war in Kosova by curving Albanian-Serbian negotiations into talks on the autonomy, neither by turning the threat of NATO Alliance military actions into a debate on the "fault" of Albanians for organizing armed self-defence.
Beside the matter concerning prospects of the NATO Alliance military intervention in Kosova, which thus has to do with a cease-fire reached in Kosova, it looks as if up to this day debate on the possible status of Kosova can also prove excessively problematic as far as the Albanian position. It was previously mentioned that, after the most recent meeting of the Contact Group, there is a predominate terminology which opposes the right of Kosova's self-determination, endorsing a high political autonomy within "FRY". With such a tenacity, Contact Group nations, that are definitely truly interested in resolving the Kosova question as soon as possible through a genuine negotiating process, seriously impair prospects of such process.
In fact, despite a frequent reiterated position that negotiations in Kosova should be unconditioned, and should not prejudge the final status of Kosova, with its position in favor of Kosova's autonomy within "FRY" the Contact Group makes these negotiations conditioned and prejudged, making the position of Kosova's representatives in these negotiations excessively difficult. If you want these negotiations to be a genuine political process, which would in the beginning affect a sustainable cease-fire, then negotiations should begin without prejudging the outcome, respectively by leaving open also the wholly legitimate option of the Kosova Albanians with their will favoring the independence of Kosova.
Otherwise, the situation in Kosova will get further difficult, because Albanians will in no way whatsoever consent, regardless of the price to be paid, to their question being reduced to an autonomy within "FRY".
BA(L)CCANALIA
CYPRUSATION OF KOSOVA SHOULD BE PREVENTED
By Shkëlzen MALIQIKosova problem is getting more complicated day by day. Subjects implemented in the resolution of the crisis, with their different and incompatible interests, are being multiplied. Beside obvious differences regarding interests of the great powers, which foil a quick resolution, big splinters have now also emerged among Albanians. Now the splinters among political subjects have also been carried to KLA. This comes as a quite unexpected development, with consequences that may prove disastrous for the Kosova question and the Albanian cause, in general. How and why did this happen?
Rugova showed no political adeptness conform this critical situation, and made big mistakes in his assessments and actions, particularly regarding KLA. Naturally, others have also made similar mistakes in their assessments, but Rugova's words and actions weighed differently. Instead of acting toward unifying forces, toward strengthening ties between all political subjects, he continued his old tune of indifference and by ignoring any form of opposition. Rugova enjoyed his number one position in world state offices.
But, Rugova's opponents insisted on the indeed paradoxical assessment that the higher were Rugova's contacts, the lower was the significance of the Kosova question. They accused Rugova very severely stating that he in his contacts with Clinton, Chirac and Kohl, was betraying rather then representing the idea of the independent Kosova! Let us only call back to Rexhep Qosja's or Adem Demaçi's totally imprudent insults against Rugova's politics, and against his personality! In fact they did not merely denigrate the person, but the very institution of Kosova's representative, its president.
Foreigners also detected this frustrating situation of the inter- Albanian relations. The most disappointing moment of the splinter occurred early this month when Rugova finally organized a summit of all Albanian forces. Americans sent their special envoys to assist the realignment process in the Albanian political arena.
Richard Holbrooke engaged personally for a reconciliation in principle of Demaçi and Qosja with Rugova. In vain. They were speaking to deaf politicians who followed their fictions and aversions, rather then real political needs.
Further worse, splinters in the political specter of the Albanian movement were also carried to KLA. Hopes of a part of the Kosovar public that KLA represents the idea and the movement of unity rather then splinters has been increasingly fading. People cannot make a difference between the idea of the liberation army, that could serve as a genuine instrument of liberation from the emergence of armed forces that pretend the role of this army, but do not genuinely and fully embody this idea.
Most recent statements of KLA commanders have shown that a formation that bears the name of the liberation army, in a way, pictures divisions in the political arena. A part of them is anti-Rugova, the others leave an impression of having a more prudent approach in regard to Rugova and Kosova's legal institutions, as well as for the resolution of our question through negotiations, with the representation of all relevant forces.
Still, from the appearances of radical KLA commanders one can also notice a more positive sign of rejection of KLA's any party affiliation, particularly regarding the aspirations of certain leaders to replace Rugova so they could take over the role of KLA's political wing. Adem Demaçi has particularly fostered these illusions by imposing his idea of Balkania.But, the need of urgently creating a Kosova political leadership, that would take over the political control of KLA, is definitely imposed. How is this control to be achieved, still remains to be seen. Since there is no political acquiescence between political subject nor between KLA commanders, it is given a priority to the idea of constituting the parliament and creating an executive power, an effective government that would divide the executive responsibility of the Kosova leadership as a whole. This would not be a perfect solution due to the refusal of those who demand the creation of a national council, but in a given moment it is a indispensable solution. Then, after the creation of an executive power, which also implies the creation of local administrations, the consolidation of the movement, the freezing of some eruptive and unjustifiable heads could begin in order to achieve a strategic cooperation and a unified action of political and military forces.
The bad alternative is the Lybanisation of Kosova, its division along party lines, that would have been in favor of Serbia and in favor of its plans for the division of Kosova. We would all be responsible for the eventual Cyprusation of Kosova.
AN INITIATIVE AND ITS PROSPECTS
By Fehmi AGANIInternational mediators or bodies were aware from the very beginning that the initial talks, in the form they were conceived and had begun, could not bring the expected or wished for result, therefore after these talks were discontinued they focused their efforts not as much on the continuation as on the re-preparation, in form and contents, of future talks. With the idea of a blueprint on the future status of Kosova, prepared by the Contact Group, in the center of these re-preparations.
The international blueprint on the future status of Kosova, whatever concrete force it may have, will have its positive side, but will also bear difficulties for both sides.
The most important part is certainly the fact that such blueprints, precisely as an effort for finding compromise settlements, are far from wishes, demands, initial proposals of both sides, therefore bring disillusionment for both sides. Even the agreement for such compromise proposals is difficult, and perhaps will need to be imposed.
It is known that the disclosed blueprint of the Contact Group on the future status of Kosova will be based on the well known position that the settlement should be sought in form of a broad autonomy within Yugoslavia. Even though the autonomy in a European and actual sense presents a form of sovereignty, and may have various federal and confederal forms, and despite the fact that the settlement is sought within Yugoslavia, without mentioning Serbia, Serbian political parties and state institutions rushed to prepare programs for Kosova's autonomy by decomposing the autonomy in Serbian hegemonical terms and by seeking a settlement, naturally, within Serbia.
All these projects, together with political declarations of Serbian political parties, even when they talk of broadening the autonomy naturally compared with the existing (!) 'autonomy', see the autonomy only within Serbia, and pretend not to notice that international community seeks the solution within Yugoslavia, without mentioning Serbia. Their intention is clear. To create an impression that to seek the autonomy implies to seek the settlement within Serbia, so they could sway the international community on this basis!
The persistence on two (or more) chambers of the Kosova parliament is interesting. This has nothing to do with the protection, that has to be guaranteed, of certain national groups. This is rather another intention to paralyze the Parliament through two chambers and by concensus, so that Serbia could be the one that would again solve the problems! The calculation of all Serbian political subjects, from Milosevic up to minor parties, to use the inter-Albanian splinters toward realizing their "projects", is yet another topic.
INTERVIEW: Jakup Krasniqi, spokesmen of the KLA Headquarters
KLA IS KOSOVA'S PROSPECT AND FUTURE
By Ismail SYLAZ RI: The first public appearance of KLA members roused great sympathy, but suspicions, as well?
KRASNIQI: The open appearance after November 26, 1997 action in Rezalla e Re, and on November 28, at the burial ceremony of teacher Halit Geci, is KLA's first public appearance. This date was not chosen incidentally. There is historical symbolism behind it, there are programmatic signs. The appearance occurred due to dilemmas from the propaganda in favor or against the existence of KLA.
Z RI: How do you explain that KLA has quickly become so massive?
KRASNIQI: It started becoming so massive, and expanded from the terrorist action of the Serbian police and para-militaries in Likoshan, Qirez and after insidious attacks in Prekaz i Poshtëm that were aimed to annihilate families in Prekaz and the very crib of resistance. The Serbian police with these two police actions achieved counter-effects. KLA sprouted by developing and by strengthening. It became massive and gained the support of people. After these actions the KLA guerilla war turned into a national war. Entire villages joined KLA. KLA had no problems with numbers and followers, but had problems regarding its stretching and organizing its members. This shows its national character.
Z RI: The way it was legitimized is interesting. It was first recognized and accepted by the foreign factor then by the "official", internal factor. KLA has created a new morale climate among Albanian, a return to fundamental values of the nation.
KRASNIQI: Concrete results that were achieved on the ground made the international factor, namely the American diplomacy, accept and recognize KLA before our internal factors. Thus, KLA legitimizes its principal aim, and gives a new glow to political, moral values by restoring self-confidence, dignity, pride and courage in the spirit of the Albanian. But the political lesson we have learned makes us aware how we underestimate and ignore ourselves. Even those who were suspicious, reserved and who labelled us by stating that Serbian secret police had allegedly created KLA, have changed their mind, today. KLA is the same KLA it was from the beginning.
Z RI: What is the relation of KLA and political parties in Kosova?
KRASNIQI: Since '80-ies our people has carried on a peaceful struggle. During these years there were arrests, trials, heavy sentence imprisonments, killings of soldiers, killings of civilians, expulsions, denials of elementary human and national rights. The climate for political actions of political parties is limited. We urge those parties to join KLA. With splintering actions they have particularly become an obstacle for the unification of the people, for the right alignment of their energy toward the main goal. With this contradictory position, they are in fact de-legitimized.
Z RI: Are there political differences in KLA? Where do these tendencies come from, who projects them?
KRASNIQI: Differences are quite limited. They are projected by political forces, by DLK, which tries to infiltrate, through marginal individuals, its conflicting influence. This influence is perhaps encouraged by the foreign factor who craved for the weakening of the military and political strength of KLA, and for imposing an insignificant settlement to the Albanian question. This is proven by the fact that Rugova is strengthened by big powers, and this should be sought within the Milosevic-Yeltsin meeting in Moscow. Some political forces in Kosova are acceptable to Belgrade itself.
Z RI: Our political subject is trying to establish major institutions from a Parliament up to a National Council. How does KLA assess this actions?
KRASNIQI: Both these bodies have been delayed. KLA, by freeing territories, will guide the creation of political institutions. The civilian-administrative power will start functioning in territories under control.
Z RI: Spokesman's final messages?
KRASNIQI: KLA controls a part of the Kosova's territory. It is spread on 90% of Kosova's territory. With KLA Kosova has a prospect and future. Wherever its lays its foot, this means end to Serbian police and military massacres and terror. The faith in victory is unshakable, therefor we urge all those who care for their homeland, for freedom to join KLA rows.
INTERVIEW: Nekibe KELMENDI, DLK secretary general
IT WAS NEVER MORE DIFFICULT FOR THE ALBANIAN PEOPLE OF KOSOVA, BUT THE INDEPENDENCE WAS ALSO NEVER SO CLOSE
By Besa ILAZI, Agim ZOGAJZ RI: DLK is relying on the fact that the Serbian aggression will confront all-national resistance, that emerged under the name of the Kosova Liberation Army. Why has then DLK hesitated so much to pronounce on it?
KELMENDI: Well, the international community had initially tried to present the Kosova Liberation Army as a terrorist organization, and that was our hesitation. From the very start we have known that KLA was not a terrorist organization. KLA is people itself, KLA are all Kosova citizens within the national resistance. Where we have war, people are being organized in self-defence. Where there is fighting, there we also have the DLK membership that actively takes part in the national resistance. Exactly because of this the Kosova Liberation Army is a formation organized for national resistance, and that is the reason we do not see it as a terrorist organization, as it was labelled by the Belgrade regime, Moscow and some others, and they are our sons that fight for our common goals. Here, I think, are no differences as far as goals. Our goal is the independence of Kosova, respectively the realization of the right to self- determination. No one from DLK has called them terrorists, but due to the fact that we had already entered negotiations with the Serbian side we, for some time, had to keep to our position and say that people are only organized to defend their thresholds. Saying that people have the right to defend their thresholds, we had since then given a signal to the people for self-defence and to organize in self-defence. Whether this is called KLA or national resistance, or has a different name, that is of no importance. What is important is that the people is determined to defend itself.
Z RI: KLA has already turned into a subject, to an irreplaceable factor in our national movement for freedom and independence. How does DLK value the role of KLA in these developments?
KELMENDI: KLA is people itself. Its role is very big. Its role is to organize the self-defence, not to have splinters, not to have differences, not to have different formations, but to be a unique organization. If it were organized it would politically be more better of, and could act freely in two rails: in that of negotiations and in the rail of national resistance, until the very goal of independence is achieved. And now, I believe, it would be more useful if KLA left aside political questions, and were lead by institutions. Saying this, I bear in mind the fact that the Kosova Liberation Army, in a way, should submit to the institutionalization. This will not harm it, this does not hinder it at all in its fight for the liberation of Kosova. On the contrary, this would further strengthen it, and would have enabled an institutionalized presentation of the army in negotiations. DLK engages for the institutionalization of KLA, engages that it should have a commander, as envisioned by the Constitution of the Republic of Kosova, and that it should have single headquarters, a leadership.
INTERVIEW: TIM JUDAH, BRITISH PUBLICIST
KOSOVA INDEPENDENCE IS HINDERED BY MACEDONIA'S ENDANGERMENT AND DAYTON'S BOSNIA
By Daut DAUTI, LONDONZ RI: You have recently visited Kosova and Serbia. How is the situation in Kosova, and what is Belgrade's official reaction against Kosova?
JUDAH: I left Kosova following the events in Deçan. Naturally, different mass medias were interested in refugees. But the quick expansion of KLA not only around Deçan, but particularly around Skënderaj, in other words out of the Drenica triangle, where this army stayed previously, is another very interesting thing. I had seen two big Serbian police checkpoints, on the road between Skënderaj and Gllogovc, two weeks ago, but now I saw that not only these checkpoints were not there anymore, but were replaced by the KLA control, and now this road route was controlled by KLA. You could see that there had been no major fighting for these two important points. Or you may have had an impression that no fighting had taken place at all.
Z RI: How come the Serbian police had then "disappeared"?
JUDAH: The Serbian police had simply withdrawn and this is, indeed, an interesting point. As I gathered, Serbs are not trying too hard, at least not as hard as I could see them try in previous wars. As if they are simply giving up some points without fighting.
Z RI: Why does this happen? Can it be that they may, perhaps, fear from the intervention of NATO?
JUDAH: Yes. This is undeniably one of the reasons. But the other factor is the question of numbers. Serbs don't have enough men to confront Albanians. This is an old and long-lasting problem of the Serbian government with Kosova. There are, simply, not enough Serbs living in Kosova that would keep the situation, and the number of Serbs in Serbia ready to come to Kosova and fight is even smaller. So, Serbs are not prepared to die in Kosova. Serbian police can attack and hold on to some points, and may push KLA in certain parts, but it cannot do this for a long time in a situation of permanent war, a situation which Serbs can in no way stand up to.
Z RI: From Kosova you proceeded to Belgrade, staying there for couple of weeks. How is Kosova reflected among ordinary people and particularly among Serbian officials?
JUDAH: This is yet another interesting matter. It was always thought that Serbs would ultimately be motivated and would go to "defend" Kosova, "their cradle and place of civilization", etc... Ordinary people would indeed not care less. These people have lately met subsequent defeats that occurred during recent years. Same goes for the intelligence. They, together with the ordinary people, don't want to deal with Kosova. In Kosova I saw burning villages, people dying, refugees in streets. After a day I went to Belgrade and I was by chance invited by Serbs to an elegant dinner. And one of the present Serbs spoke to me: Oh, you have just returned from Kosova. What is going in Kosova? Almost joking I replied: I don't think you are interested in Kosova. "You are absolutely right. Hand me the fish plate, please" - he said to me. Then I talked to a political scientist, who was thoroughly informed with what was going on in Kosova, and with the Kosova affairs in power circles of Belgrade. When we came to the subject of Kosova, I asked him about his feeling. He replied: "As far as I am concerned it is as distant as Burundi". These people have begun thinking that Serbia would be freed without Kosova. This group, still small, thinks it is impossible to democratize Serbia by keeping the occupied Kosova. But, this group will become larger.
WAR IN KOSOVA
"WE WERE THINKING HOW TO DIE IN DIGNITY..."
By Besa ILAZIUntil now more then 10 thousand people have sheltered in Prishtina, all coming from war zones. Naser Gashi, an activist, says: "We had 15 families still not sheltered, only last evening, July 13. Prishtina is full, but we also have people who do not accept refugees."
In the apartment of their relative, where they had sheltered, we met a family from Deçan, that had remained locked in for 18 days. They spoke about what the husband and his wife and their three children had gone through: "Our apartment is located on the road leading to the monastery, with most of the inhabitants Serbs.
That is why, due to security reasons, I had earlier sheltered at my parents apartment. My parents remained in Deçan because while we were pulling out my father said that he intended not to leave his house after having seen everything. That day, on Monday, the shooting began; we only heard shots, we couldn't see because we were in downtown. When we stepped out on the balcony, not to much later, we saw that the town was packed with Serbian police and para-militaries.
My neighbors were told to leave their apartments in two minutes, but since neither them nor we, staying in our apartments, were not safe to go out, were the danger was bigger, we gathered in two and three families at higher floors of the building, and left lower floors to Serbian para-militaries. That is how we stayed locked. They started shelling Deçan after two days; we couldn't see anything, we only heard the roar and the explosion of grenades. Some left on Wednesday, but we couldn't because we had small children, and we feared we would endanger them even more. Later we learned that only our family and some families in the apartments and a quarter behind the police, had remained in Deçan, locked and without any hope for leaving.
The others had left. We stayed there. Thursday evening, somewhere around six o' clock, police and para-militaries settled in our apartments. I had never seen so many police as that day. Most of the apartments were vacant; there were two families in our apartment building, and six others in the tall apartment building close to ours. We had with us our neighbors from a floor under.
We were waiting for them to come. They came the next evening. First came some with colored faces asking about who was living here; after seeing the children, they went down. Later came some others with nets on their faces, and questioned us who we were and how many members were sheltered there. The third, wearing black hats, after we opened the door, pointed their guns on us and put us out on the corridor; they got inside and started checking, then they left saying: "Close the door, don't you by any chance open the windows or curtains, don't move, don't make any noise and enjoy, otherwise you will suffer badly." Leaving they asked us about apartments across the corridor whether they Serb's or Albanian's property, and after we told them, they broke in and settled in those apartments. They broke in all other apartments when there were no occupants. They started taking everything the could find, audio sets, TV's, VCR's, satellite dishes, everything they could find. In the morning they looted, and at evening around six o'clock they returned again and settled in apartments of the Albanian owners. I had five or six of them across my apartment, they slept there. The evenings were the most difficult, you could hear their screams, they ate and drank, sang, cursed...
We decided to leave. That day we all pulled out, only my parents and Niman Lokaj remained: there was around 45 of us. The bus from Gjakova to Peja had started circulating. We went downtown, got on the bus and arrived to Peja. There were hundred of police checkpoints along the road to Peja, but we travelled behind a military convoy and no one stopped us. Most of the people fleeing were children, women and elderly... In Peja we had a misfortune of sheltering in the Dardania 1 quart, near the Shoe Factory, and once more witness the shelling of the first houses in Loxha... We had to flee from there, too. We, around 50 of us, headed for Plava, in two vans of a Muslim. We were told that there is no police up to Rozhajë, but we were stopped as soon as the fifth kilometer. The driver demanded some additional money for the policemen, but it didn't work. Men had to get off. They took our ID's and told us they were going to check the men inside the barracks. Very soon a car came taking me and two others from Strellc. The police officer asked me about whereabouts of my house in Deçan. After telling him, he asked me whether I knew anyone in Deçan, asked me whether I knew the chief of the police in Deçan. He didn't believe me, but when I told him that he was living above my apartment, I don't know the reason why, he allowed me to return to the van. They took the other two, they were sent back and sent who know where. We started off with their families breaking our hearts; they cried and screamed all along the way; children whose parents were stopped could not get in terms with that. I have no idea what happened to them...
PRESS NOW, AMSTERDAM 1998
_______________________________________________________________________Albania and the Kosova Crisis
By Albert Rakipi
Director of the Albanian Institute for International StudiesThe debate on the role of Albania in the Kosova crisis has returned, while in terrain and in the international community stand new but not unforeseen developments have come up.
After the new massacres committed, Belgrade accused Albania that it not only has turned the northern part of the country in basis for training and weapon shipment for "terrorists" and "separatists", but it also goes further on when bringing accusations that to assist them, units of the Albanian army have also joined. Furthermore, Serb military forces attacked the Albanian territory. In the propaganda plan, the official Tirana responded through a tough declaration about "the violation of the integrity", and in the diplomatic plan, by exploiting the fourth visit in less than a year of the Greek Foreign Minister, Pangallos, asked Greece (an at least spiritual alley to Serbia) a broker role so that President Miloshevic stops violence. The last one was a the stand of the time by the Tirana authorities. But the debates on the Tirana stand to the Kosova conflict were re-opened by the international institutions, who are once again are testing in the terrain which are in reality the stand and engagement of Albania, since everybody is well aware and agrees that Albania cannot be passive. In effect, in the diplomatic aspect, Albania has been almost passive. In November 1997, the Albanian administration asked the Serb one to recognize the human rights of the Kosova Albanians, while from the latter it demanded to recognize the Belgrade institutions and to put an end to their boycott. This policy continued till the beginning of the Serb slaughter against Albanians by February 1998, but among other issues, it also added in its official stand the denunciation of the Albanian terrorists (KLA). Moreover, in the diplomatic plan, Albania "intensified" the relations with Macedonia, "the Achilles’ heel" of the West especially in the context of the Kosova conflict. With regard to the relations with Kosova, its political factors and subjects, since its first days in power and especially after November 1997, it was clear that the official Tirana could have no impact and this was an unforeseen situation. Even the last moves of Tirana in order to have a kind of influence on the political factors in Kosova, produced no significant result but for some influence on some party in the outskirts of the Kosova politics, either newly emerged or old ones. But with regard to the ever-growing influential factor in Kosova, the Kosova Liberation Army, the official Tirana, by exploiting its ideological affinities and the early links reinforced with a political Marxist wing in the West, the state authorities began to seek a certain dominance. Local observers and other reliable sources affirm that although the KLA is one of the most united factors in Kosova as compared to the political parties there, official Tirana seeks to influence the domination of the left Marxist wing, whose leaders take their promenade in the best Tirana hotels and have state warranty by the most specialized state bodies about the roads that take to Tropoja, from where we have watched them clean and well shaved while calling for find raising on behalf of the war. Side by side with the short-term interests of using these Marxist contingents, which are linked to the war strategic businesses, Apparently official Tirana is also interested to have it own influence after the end of the war in Kosova. With regard to the first issue, no Albanian government would have been able to control the borders even in case Albania was a stabilized state. The border with the rump Yugoslavia devised Albania not only in the North but also in the East with Macedonia. (One of the most erroneous moves of the Albanian diplomacy was to ask the deployment of international troops (NATO) in the conflict borders, in front of the request by the Albanian opposition leader who demanded that NATO should be provided with all port and air facilities, if there would be no decision to intervene in the conflict areas). But the actual Albanian government cannot be held guilty neither by the international community, nor by the international accords, which derive from the international right, on why is cannot afford to defend the border or stop the arms shipment from the Albanian territory. War has its own laws. It is quite a different story the accusations and facts about the government net through the secret service.
But the Albanian government, in a most complete way has used and is using the Kosova conflict for domestic policies. It has propagated a stabilizing policy far from the nationalist spirit in these troubled times in the region. For some time, the actual Albanian government is seen not only as moderate, but also as a good manager of the possible nationalist explosions.
In fact, in Albania, since the collapse of communism, there has been no influential political party proclaiming a nationalist policy "to unite all the Albanian-inhabited territories, or put otherwise to create the Great Albania". But the propaganda by the government and by the other subjects managed to create for a certain period the nationalist image for the Albanian opposition and especially for the leader of this opposition, former President of Albania, Berisha. The propaganda campaign was intensified with the explosion of the conflict in Kosova by commenting that former strong President of Albania and one of the interlocutors of the western politics in the region, was attempting his political comeback through a nationalist policy on Kosova. In fact, the was in Kosova is being considered as a golden period to prolong the life of a failed government. International institutions and western chancelleries, with a (not unrecognized) pragmatist policy, are sacrificing the issue of democracy in Albania, which has marked steps backward. The government has not established its control over the country (in the western press, three months ago, to the question of a journalist with regard to the stand to the Kosova government, an important western emissary answered that "the Albanian government is not affording to control even the two lighted big roads". The international institutions have joined the conclusions by the opposition on the "very high level of crime and corruption". Despite all this, still some western chancelleries, though more reserved continue to declare their support for the policy of the Albanian government towards Kosova.
But the propaganda by the Albanian government and some other uninformed international subjects is not valid in the idea that the actual administration in Albania is a good manager of the aggressive Albanian nationalism, due to the fact that Albania has no potential to inspire nationalism for a Great Albania.
Likewise, the governmental propaganda is attempting to exploit the Kosova conflict in another way. It tries to argument the total lack of stability and especially the security situation in the country with the flux of refugees fleeing war in Kosova. According to the Albanian Prime Minister, those hundreds of women and children coming to Northern Albania from the Serb province of Kosova are a threat to the stability in the country (Reuters, July 16, 1998). This is a desperate attempt to bill the critical lack of stability to the Kosova arrivals, mainly children and women, while the local observers of the international community can testify that Vlora for example, the most important naval town in the South of the country, has turned to a Columbia controlled by the government itself.
More shocking and irrational was the appeal by the Prime Minister that the opposition is trying to use the KLA soldiers against the Albanian government. This is the most lost battle of the government. The fight to use Kosova for the domestic policies is lost. The flagrant deformations of democracy in Albania, the sharpening economic crisis and the total loss of confidence at the state institutions is dangerous and can bring about a great radicalization within Albania.
Apparently, Kosova will be the lost battle even for other factors.
The losers in Kosova will be its political leadership. The political parties and subjects in Kosova are split. This is one of the reasons of the hesitation and the steps back by the international community to the Kosova crisis. While the difference within the Kosova Liberation Army and especially a political leadership with a clear political vision are creating further hesitations in the stands of the international community. Furthermore, the appearance time after time of the spokesmen that declare that they "will unite all the Albanian-inhabited territories", or that "will create an independent Albania with the Albanian lands in Kosova, Macedonia and Montenegro" are an argument not only for the hesitation of the West, but also a golden argument to Miloshevic and his policies.
The Kosova battle will have other losers: The values of democracy and liberty of the West are being put in doubt in a critical manner. With its policy in Kosova, the West is sacrificing exactly its hundred years values. Consecutively, the West does not support the Kosova independence owing to the consequences this might have on Macedonia in a special way, but also due to the Dayton agreement related to the coming status of the Serpska Republica. The West is waiting almost as it did in Bosnia. The French-German initiative for an International Conference, for a second Dayton on Kosva has not been supported either by the USA or Britain, precisely for the above mentioned circumstances.
But the greatest looser, no doubt will be Miloshevic and his policy for Great Serbia he has afforded to manage for staying in power. And for as long as he continues war against Kosova, Serbia will be looser. (the hope that the new opposition against Miloshevic "Changing opposition" led by a figure like Panic is a vague hope).
Serbia has lost the battle with Kosova. Despite the army, one of the strongest in former Easter Europe, despite the geo-political circumstances in the region, despite all these. So far Miloshivic Miloshevic is determined to loose the battle "together with the ultra-nationalist opposition and with a great price than the blood".
_______________________________________________________________________NEWS: KOSOVA UPDATE, JULY 22, 1998
"When the shelling stopped," Vuciterna said, "the sniping began. I don't
know where it came from because it seemed to be everywhere. The soldiers
began to go through our neighborhood killing people. They were in civilian
clothes, some of them were in uniform, about 100 of them altogether. They
were armed."NYTIMES
July 22, 1998
___________________________________Taken without permission, for fair use only.
12,000 Flee Serb Attack on a Town in Kosovo
Fierce fighting in Kosovo
U.S. Diplomat Meets Kosovo Leader
No Breakthrough in Kosovo Talks
Corpses said to lie in wartorn Kosovo villages
At least 34 Albanians killed in latest battle
___________________________________July 22, 1998
NYTIMES12,000 Flee Serb Attack on a Town in Kosovo
By MIKE O'CONNOR
MALISEVO, Yugoslavia -- Terrified ethnic Albanians fleeing three days of fighting in nearby Orahovac are arriving here with accounts of scores of civilian deaths after attacks on homes by government artillery and rampages of violence by soldiers and Serbian civilians.
In the last few days about 12,000 refugees have made their way through about 10 miles of forests and mountains to this town, where the ethnic Albanian rebels are in complete control, according to local officials. The streets are filled with people wandering almost in shock, and their condition adds weight to the impression that they have experienced something appalling. But their accounts of events were often confused or lacking in detail and could not be independently verified.
In at least a score of interviews, refugees gave accounts similar to that of Faik Vuciterna, 38, a father of six.
"It began on Saturday," he said. "They began to massacre us first by artillery shelling. Many were killed." Many refugees said their neighborhoods were shelled by government forces retaliating against ethnic Albanian separatists. The separatists had attacked ethnic Serbian targets in Orahovac, a city of about 20,000, which, like the province, is 90 percent ethnic Albanian.
"When the shelling stopped," Vuciterna said, "the sniping began. I don't know where it came from because it seemed to be everywhere. The soldiers began to go through our neighborhood killing people. They were in civilian clothes, some of them were in uniform, about 100 of them altogether. They were armed."
When he heard those words, an old man sitting on his haunches nearby began to moan. "Ohhhh, they had every kind of weapon, everything to kill people," he said.
Another man cut in. "They had the dum-dum," he said, using a vernacular term for an anti-aircraft cannon with explosive shells which Serbian forces often fire against buildings.
"One of my friends was hit by a sniper bullet," Vuciterna said. "Then they hit him with the dum-dum and he exploded in front of me. He was my best friend."
Describing scenes reminiscent of the war in Bosnia, refugees said they believed Serbian forces wanted to drive ethnic Albanians from the area in order to more easily control it.
Refugees talked of seeing their Serbian neighbors joining marauding government forces to attack ethnic Albanians, then loot and burn their homes.
In Pristina, the provincial capital, a senior Serbian official categorically denied there were any indiscriminate attacks on civilians in Orahovac. The government announced it would allow the press to visit the city on Tuesday. It was closed to the press on Monday, making it impossible for reporters to confirm the refugees' accounts.
At the local health clinic here, the director and the chief nurse were tallying the number of people they have treated in the last three days for what they say are war wounds.
The nurse counted out the names of patients from a logbook. At 5 p.m. Tuesday she said, "It looks as if it comes to 112."
The clinic director, Dr. Rame Morina, first insisted all of the patients were civilians. Then he conceded that about 10 percent were soldiers.
Doctors said they had not been able to treat many of the seriously injured because they have run out of some medications.
An unknown number of wounded have died or been left behind on the trails that refugees are taking through the mountains, doctors said.
A more complete picture of what happened in Orahovac was not available because, while the Serbian government had sealed off Orahovac, the ethnic Albanian fighters were barring journalists from entering Malisevo for most of the day.
An ethnic Albanian man who asked to remain anonymous said he and a group of about 20 were caught by soldiers as they were trying to escape the city.
"Over the radio I heard the order given to the soldiers, 'Finish your job.' They were going to shoot us," the man said.
He said the soldiers then saw a white BMW on the road carrying two men racing to rescue their families. When the soldiers turned their guns on the car, he said, his group took the chance to run.
"When we ran, three of our group were shot dead, I guess eight were wounded, and the rest of us got here today," he said.
Two men, who said they and 72 other ethnic Albanians had hidden in a basement for three days, said they emerged to find homes in their neighborhood being torched by Serbian soldiers and civilians.
"I will wait here to see if any of my relatives arrive, then I'll go back and kill the Serbs," one man said. His companion flashed 10 fingers three times, then ran his hand across his throat to indicate how many Serbs he intended to kill.
___________________________________BBC
Wednesday, July 22, 1998 Published at 04:02 GMT 05:02 UKFierce fighting in Kosovo
Reports from Kosovo say there has been fierce fighting between ethnic Albanian rebels and Serbian security forces in and around the town of Orahovac in the southwest of the province.
The Serbian authorities say their forces retook the town from the Kosovo Liberation Army on Monday.
But the latest unconfirmed reports say the Serbian forces have been coming under fire from KLA snipers.
At least 150 Kosovan Albanians and 30 members of the Serbian security forces have been killed, according to a report on Bosnian TV in Sarajevo.
The Kosovo Albanian news agency, ARTA, said Kosovo Liberation Army units have captured 'a large number' of armed Serbs during the fighting.
Families trapped in partly destroyed settlements are surviving in grim conditions, with no electricity or running water and very little food, said an anonymous spokesperson from an international aid agency.UN strengthens force in Macedonia
The United Nations Security Council has strengthened its peacekeeping force in Macedonia and extended its mandate until February 1999 because of the continued fighting in the neighbouring Serbian province of Kosovo.
The force - the UN Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) - will be increased by 350 soldiers to enforce the UN arms embargo against Yugoslavia.
The Macedonian Defence Ministry has also sent more troops to the border to stop what it said was arms smuggling by Kosovo Albanian rebels.
The UN vote coincided with three explosions in Macedonia - two near the Yugoslav border and one in the capital, Skopje.
No one was injured in the blasts, and so far, no-one has claimed responsibility, though earlier in 1998, the Kosovo Liberation Army said it was behind a series of bombings in Macedonia.
The Secretary-General of Nato, Javier Solana, is due in Skopje on Wednesday to discuss the Kosovo conflict.
___________________________________Tuesday July 21 4:49 PM EDT
U.S. Diplomat Meets Kosovo Leader
ISMET HAJDARI Associated Press Writer
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - After some of the heaviest fighting in weeks, a senior U.S. envoy stepped up efforts Tuesday to cobble together peace talks in Kosovo, admitting progress has been slow.
Albanian sources, meanwhile, reported a fourth day of clashes near the strategic town of Orahovac in central Kosovo, and said at least 36 ethnic Albanians had been killed.
The fighting cast doubt on the possibility of a negotiated settlement between Serbia, the dominant republic of Yugoslavia, and the independence-minded Albanians, who make up 90 percent of Kosovo's population.
Christopher Hill, the U.S. ambassador to Macedonia, met Tuesday with Ibrahim Rugova, the moderate ethnic Albanian leader, a day after he conferred with Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade.
No details were available on Hill's talks with Milosevic. However, Zoran Lilic, a top Milosevic aide, said Yugoslavia was ready to offer the highest level of autonomy to the Kosovo Albanians.
Before meeting Rugova, Hill indicated no quick solution to the Kosovo crisis was in sight. Asked if progress had been made, he said, "That would be too strong, but we are trying."
Rugova's party, the Democratic League of Kosovo, on Tuesday condemned what it called the "violence and massacre by Serb forces in Orahovac." The town appeared largely under Serb control after the Kosovo Liberation Army launched a strong attack there Saturday.
The capture of Orahovac, located about 30 miles southwest of the provincial capital, Pristina, would have expanded the nearly 40 percent of Kosovo the KLA is said to control - and given the rebels command of a strategic road.
The Kosovo Information Center, which is close to ethnic Albanian politicians, claimed Serb forces were still shelling KLA positions in Orahovac on Tuesday and that fighting was also raging in outlying villages.
It said at least 36 Albanians had been killed, including women and children. State radio in the Albanian capital, Tirana, reported Tuesday evening that 11 dead were still lying in the streets.
House-to-house battles in Orahovac forced as many as 25,000 residents from the town and its surroundings to the KLA-controlled town of Malisevo, 10 miles to the north, according to local media reports.
On Monday, Serb authorities escorted reporters to the southern edge of Orahovac to see weapons captured from KLA fighters, but refused to let them into the center of town. In the distance, smoke billowed from fires in the area, suggesting the conflict there was not quite over.
___________________________________Wednesday July 22 4:32 AM EDT
No Breakthrough in Kosovo Talks
ISMET HAJDARI Associated Press Writer
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - With fighting still simmering in central Kosovo following a major clash this week, an American diplomat said two days of mediation between ethnic Albanians and Serbs has ended without progress.
A day after conferring with Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade, Christopher Hill, the U.S. ambassador to Macedonia, met Tuesday with Ibrahim Rugova, the moderate ethnic Albanian leader.
No information was released on the meetings in Belgrade and Pristina, but Zoran Lilic, a senior government official and top Milosevic aide, said Yugoslavia was ready to offer the highest level of autonomy to the Kosovo Albanians. In the past, however, Kosovo's Albanians - who make up 90 percent of the province's population - have said they will stop at nothing short of full independence.
Kosovo is located in southern Serbia, the dominant of two republics that make up the remainder of Yugoslavia.
Lilic said Yugoslavia expects further efforts from the international community, particularly the United States, which, he claimed, has a lot of influence on Kosovo Albanians. But the fighting around Orahovac has cast doubt on the possibility of a negotiated settlement between Serbia and Kosovo's ethnic Albanians.
The deepening conflict has been aggravated by divisions inside the ethnic Albanian camp.
On Monday, Rugova declared that all Kosovo Albanian political parties would unite "in the next few days" in a coalition government. But it was unlikely that the rebel Kosovo Liberation Army would be prepared to accept the authority of Rugova, who has favored a nonviolent approach so far. The KLA has vowed to take its fight for independence from largely rural to urban areas.
Earlier Tuesday, Serb police and ethnic Albanian rebels were reported to have clashed near Orahovac for a fourth day.
Before meeting Rugova, Hill indicated that no quick solution to the Kosovo crisis was in sight. Asked if progress had been made, he said, "That would be too strong, but we are trying."
With that in mind, the U.N. Security Council on Tuesday unanimously approved a nearly 50 percent increase in the U.N. peacekeeping force in Macedonia, mostly to strengthen security along Macedonia's borders with Kosovo and Albania. U.S. troops will make up about half of the 1,000-plus force.
Rugova's party, the Democratic League of Kosovo, on Tuesday condemned what it called the "violence and massacre by Serb forces in Orahovac." The town appeared largely under Serb control after the KLA launched a strong attack there Saturday.
The capture of Orahovac, located about 30 miles southwest of the provincial capital, Pristina, would have expanded the nearly 40 percent of Kosovo the KLA is said to control - and given the rebels command of a strategic road.
The Kosovo Information Center, which is close to ethnic Albanian politicians, claimed Serb forces were still shelling KLA positions in Orahovac on Tuesday and that fighting was also raging in outlying villages.
It said at least 36 Albanians had been killed, including women and children.
House-to-house battles in Orahovac forced as many as 25,000 residents in the area to flee to the KLA-controlled town of Malisevo, 10 miles to the north, according to local media reports.
___________________________________Tuesday July 21 5:10 PM EDT
Corpses said to lie in wartorn Kosovo villages
By Douglas Hamilton
PRISTINA, Serbia (Reuters) - Bodies are lying where they fell in some Kosovo villages hit hardest by the conflict between Serbian security forces and ethnic Albanian separatists, a humanitarian aid worker said on Tuesday.
Families trapped in partly destroyed settlements are surviving in grim conditions, with no electricity or running water and very little food, said the man, who works for a major international agency and spoke only on condition of anonymity.
"In the village of Prejlep there is great destruction and the stench of death. The bodies of horses and cattle are lying rotting in the streets and we were told of uncollected human corpses," he told Reuters.
"There was a destroyed no man's land with forces separated by just a few hundred meters (yards). In one house in Isnic there were 35 children living down in a basement room."
He said shooting broke out in Isnic while clearly marked humanitarian vehicles were in the settlement.
Meanwhile, the ethnic Albanians' Kosovo Information Center said at least 34 Albanians had been reported killed in fierce fighting over the past four days for the southwestern town of Orahovac.
The aid worker, a native of Kosovo, said he had traveled extensively in the conflict zone in the past week to assess the situation. He described grim scenes of destruction in Ponosevac, Ponoc and Ratkoc, in the Albanian border zone.
"In Ponosevac I saw a body lying by the road and another in a field," he said. In the town of Decane and the nearby villages of Strelc, Prejlep and Babaloc, the aid worker said he heard reports of 48 unrecovered bodies.
"There is a Serbian Orthodox priest there, a remarkable man called Sava, who is doing all he can to help the Albanians against the odds," he said.
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic has promised that foreign aid organizations will have free access to the stricken areas. But in practice they encounter high risks and hostility in many places.
"The Serbs hate us, and the Albanians are very disappointed in us," the aid worker said.
The worst conditions were in the west of the Serbian province near the border with Albania, the infiltration route used by guerrillas of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) who are fighting for an independent state.
In the town of Djakovica, swollen by thousands of displaced people, the aid worker said he saw "100 to 150 people lining up outside the bakery for bread." Flour was in drastically short supply.
The death toll in the five-month-old conflict is now estimated at over 400, with a further 300 missing.
The Kosovo Information Center said it had two reports naming 10 and 24 of the dead from the Orahovac zone.
"They have been buried in courtyards and vineyards," the center said, adding that there was more shooting in Orahovac on Tuesday.
Serbian forces said they had repulsed a KLA bid to capture Orahovac and were in full control but the center was said to be too unsafe for reporters to visit, making independent verification of the situation impossible for the time being.
Belgrade state television aired what it described as footage of Orahovac in its main evening news bulletin on Tuesday. The footage, including a brief panoramic shot from the air, showed the town quiet as two senior Serbian officials visited and spoke with dazed-looking residents.
"Orahovac has been freed," the television reporter there said. Citizens asked the ministers for power supplies and telephone links damaged by fighting to be restored as soon as possible.
Humanitarian aid sources said several thousand Albanian inhabitants of Orahovac or satellite villages had fled north into KLA-held territory where they collected in the overflowing village of Maljisevo.
The Red Cross delivered two truckloads of medicine, hygiene packs and food to the area on Tuesday.
Orahovac, where ethnic Albanians made up 80 percent of the peacetime population of 20,000, is 60 km (40 miles) southwest of the regional capital Pristina.^REUTERS@
------------------------------------------------------------------------At least 34 Albanians killed in latest battle
11:45 a.m. Jul 21, 1998 Eastern
PRISTINA, Serbia, July 21 (Reuters) - At least 34 Albanians have been killed in fighting for the town of Orahovac in the Serbian province of Kosovo, the ethnic Albanian Kosovo Information Centre (KIC) said on Tuesday.
Shooting continued in Orahovac during the day, according to the KIC.
Serbian forces said the day before they had regained full control of Orahovac in the embattled southwest of Kosovo despite sporadic sniping from pockets of Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) guerrillas.
But the Serbs also said they were unable to take reporters into Orahovac because it was too dangerous in central locations, suggesting they had not entirely secured the area.
Independent verification of events there was impossible for lack of foreign access.
The KIC said it had received two accounts indicating that at least 34 ethnic Albanians had been killed in the Orahovac area in last two days. Some reported casualties were named.
"They have been buried in courtyards and vineyards (in view of) the circumstances," the KIC report said.
Many residents were now unable to leave Orahovac because it was too dangerous, it added.
Humanitarian aid sources said earlier that several thousand Albanian inhabitants of Orahovac or satellite villages had fled north into KLA-held territory where they collected in the community of Malisevo.
The KIC report also said two truckloads of detained Albanians had been taken by Serbian forces from Orahovac to Prizren on Monday night. Women and children were then freed.
Serbian forces drove the KLA out of the centre of Orahovac on Sunday after two days of fighting in which the guerrillas tried to storm the police station and capture their first town in the five-month conflict.
The town, where ethnic Albanians made up 80 percent of the peacetime population of 20,000, is 60 km (40 miles) southwest of the regional capital Pristina.
It is close to the southern edge of a crescent of western Kosovo between Pristina and the border of Albania which is largely under the control of KLA fighters seeking independence from Serbia.
The fighting for Orahovac and clashes between the Yugoslav army and KLA guerillas ambushed while trying to cross into Kosovo near Djeravica from training grounds in northern Albania evidently cost the highest casualties of the crisis.
In Pristina on Tuesday, U.S. peace envoy Christopher Hill met ethnic Albanian political leader Ibrahim Rugova a day after holding talks with Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.
Asked by reporters if he was optimistic, Hill said: "That would be too strong a statement. We are trying. We had good discussions with Milosevic in Belgrade yesterday -- I hope we will have good talks here."
Serbian sources said a list of 17 names found in the pocket of a KLA guerrilla killed trying to cross into Yugoslavia from Albania contained the names of Islamic "mujahideen" volunteers.
A photocopy of the list, dated July 12 and handwritten on a form with printed bilingual Albanian and English headings, identifies six of those named as Saudi Arabian.
The Serbs are Eastern Orthodox Christians while the ethnic Albanians are nominally Moslem for the most part, although they are not a fervently religious people.
The KLA has denied seeking the help of foreign Islamic fundamentalist fighters and insists that religious motives will not be allowed to taint its struggle for self-determination.Copyright 1998 Reuters Limited. All rights reserved.
Explosions rock Macedonia
There have been three explosions in Macedonia
overnight.
Two of the blasts were near the country's border
with Serbia, and the third explosion took place in the Macedonian capital,
Skopje.
There were no casualties.
Reports from Macedonia say the explosions only
caused minor material damage and no group has said it carried out the attacks.
Earlier this year, the Kosovo Liberation Army
said they were behind a series of blasts in the Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia.
But the local authorities have repeatedly denied
that the KLA is active in the country.
From the newsroom of the BBC World Service
20 July 1998
TRANSCRIPT: STATE DEPT. NOON BRIEFING, MONDAY,
JULY 20, 1998
excerpts
(Kosovo, International Criminal Court, India/Pakistan) (8220)
State Department Spokesman Jamie Rubin briefed.
KOSOVO -- There have been reports that Serb forces
in Kosovo have fired shells across the border into Albania. If true, Rubin
said, this would be "unacceptable."
He said US ambassador
to Macedonia, Christopher Hill, met with "Federal Republic of Yugoslav"
President Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade July 20 and will travel to Pristina,
Kosovo, on July 21, where he will meet with Kosovar Albanian leader Ibrahim
Rugova. Rubin said the United States continues to believe that Rugova's
leadership is essential to finding a negotiated settlement to the Kosovo
situation. At the same time, he said, Washington is not adverse to other
viewpoints, such as those of the Kosovo Liberation Army, being represented
in the discussions.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
COURT -- Rubin said several aspects of the proposed International Criminal
Court are "deeply flawed," and that there "was an unfortunate rush to judgment"
at the meeting in Rome which produced the Court's draft charter. He added
that the new court is certain to be weakened without the support of the
United States, which has been a leading force in the creation of the International
Tribunals on Bosnia and Rwanda.
One of the most important
US objections to the proposed Court, Rubin said, is that its jurisdiction
would extend to nations which are not parties to the treaty establishing
it, something Rubin suggested was unheard of in international law. He added
that as currently conceived, the Court could also inhibit the ability of
US forces to operate internationally and carry out peace-keeping missions.
He said the United States
does not intend to accept the jurisdiction of a Court created in such a
way and will try to convince others to rethink their positions on the matter
in subsequent meetings.
.......
Following is the State Department's transcript:
(begin transcript)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DAILY PRESS BRIEFING INDEX
Monday, July 20, l998
Briefer: James P. Rubin
ANNOUNCEMENT
1 Background
Briefing on Secretary's Trip/Briefing Schedule
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
1-2 Secretary's Trip/US Aid and Assessment of
Needs for Tidal Wave Victims
NEW ZEALAND
2 Secretary's
Trip
SERBIA (KOSOVO)
2-3, 4 Fighting Update/Reports of Serb
shelling into Albania
3-5, 6 Ambassador Hill's and Ambassador Gelbard's
meetings/Question of
Greater
Albania/KLA Participation/Rugova's support declining
5 Senate
Resolution on War Crimes Indictment against Milosevic
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
6-9 US Position on Court's Creation/Possible Effect
on US Armed Forces and Peacekeepers/Flaws in the Treaty/UN Security Council
Role
......
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DAILY PRESS BRIEFING
MONDAY, JULY 20, 1998
(ON THE RECORD UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
.....
Q: On another subject, the situation in Kosovo appears to be heating up again. Do you have a current reading on what it's doing?
RUBIN: The fighting does continue in two regions
- the Decani region and the Pec region -- as well as other parts of Kosovo.
Specifically, there are reports of heavy fighting in the town of Orahovac
in Central Kosovo. We are checking into these reports. At this time, the
status of the town is a little unclear. Serb forces claim to have retaken
the town; but these reports have not been confirmed.
There were also clashes
at the border between Kosovo and Albania over the weekend. The exact number
of casualties is unknown. There are reports of Serb shelling over the border
and into Albania. If true, this represents an unacceptable violation of
Albanian territory. Belgrade must understand that such shelling runs the
risk of escalating further the current conflict.
As far as our negotiating
activity is concerned, Ambassador Hill is in Belgrade today. He has met
with President Milosevic. He's accompanied by a delegation including Jim
O'Brien from the Secretary's staff. They will be traveling to Pristina
tomorrow for discussions with ethnic Albanian leaders. Special Representative
Bob Gelbard attended a meeting at The Hague this morning, also related
to the Kosovo conflict, organized by some Serbian opposition figures.
So the negotiating effort
continues through the work of Ambassador Hill. Its intensive phase continues.
This is a difficult problem that we are trying to address by finding a
solution between the needs of the claims of the Kosovar Albanians for independence
and the stripping of the autonomy of the Kosovar Albanians by Serbia. So
we are working intensively on some ideas that we've put down to try to
create enhanced autonomy for the people of Kosovo and give them what they
want without seeing this conflict spin out of control and spill over into
the countries in the region, which we've indicated would be a danger to
us.
Q: The spill-over -- when Hill and others talk to the Albanians, do they speak in larger terms of wishing some sort of union with Albania or maybe take little piece of Macedonia, a little piece of Serbia and having kind of a larger - I mean, I know the US position, but do they express modest goals or do they let it all hang out and tell you what they're really after? You talk to all kinds of Albanians, but I wonder.
RUBIN: Obviously, what people say to you in those
meetings depends on who they are and exactly what they choose to say about
their intentions. As far as the question of a greater Albania is concerned
and who's for it and who's against it, let me start by saying we're against
it; that this would be a very dangerous development that could effect the
stability of the region.
To the extent that I
have been briefed on what is said in Albania, I am not aware that government
leaders are pushing this particularly hard at all. On the contrary, they
are very supportive of what we're trying to do to provide enhanced autonomy
for the Kosovar Albanians. Does that mean that every Albanian in Albania
supports the government position? Probably not. There are some extremists
in the north who take rather radical positions and I suspect they have
indicated in various ways -- either subtly or by implication - their greater
goals. But as far as the government is concerned, it's my understanding
they've behaved quite responsibly, wanting to see the improvement of the
lives of the people of Kosovo, but recognizing the borders can't be changed
in this way.
Q: Well, when you visit think-tanks around town, for instance, and you hear Albanians, they include in their ambitions a more -- a different regime in Tirana; not the kind of moderate government -- or at least taking the moderate tone that you hear - but as part of this grand plan would be some more --
RUBIN: I don't which Albanians you've heard from. All I can say is that there is a wide spectrum of opinion amongst Albanian-Americans, Albanians around the world, about what the goals of the Albanian people should be. I can tell you what our views are; I can certainly tell you what my understanding of the position of the Albanian Government. It's certainly true, as in many cases, that people outside the country have rather grandiose goals for what the people who are living there suffering under the daily life would want to see happen. That's pretty common in many conflicts around the world.
Q: When you say that there was fighting on the Kosovar Albanian border, do we know who instigated the fighting?
RUBIN: Those kind of details are almost impossible
to determine at this level from this distance, to know who took the first
shot. We have seen press reports that ethnic Albanians may have staged
actions from Albania. We cannot confirm those reports at this time, but
have reason to believe aspects of the stories are true.
I know that's sort of
an opaque formulation there; but the point is to who fired the first shot,
it's almost impossible to know in these cases.
Q: Did it have to do with trying to keep, for instance, Kosovar Albanian refugees from going into Albania? Did it have to do with arms?
RUBIN: Which action?
Q: Just the fighting that took place on the border.
RUBIN: Well, as I understood the press reports, the press reports indicated that the Serbian side was trying to interdict the Kosovar Albanians who were on the other side of the border coming in. It wasn't so much about refugees as it was about fighters trying to re-enter Kosovo.
Q: You say you're talking with people in Kosovo. Who are you talking to from the KLA?
RUBIN: I've been saying for ten days from this
podium that I am not going to get into the habit of detailing every contact
the United States Government has with the KLA.
As far as our discussions
by Ambassador Hill, the focus of those discussions is on Dr. Rugova and
the group of political leaders that operate within Pristina that reflect
a wide variety of opinion in Kosovo. We have long said that if it's appropriate,
and Dr. Rugova and the others believe it's appropriate, we certainly wouldn't
stand in the way for the views of the KLA to be reflected in that discussion.
But we are not shuttling back and forth between the KLA and President Milosevic;
we're shuttling back and forth between President Milosevic and the civilian
leadership in Kosovo, led by Dr. Rugova.
Q: Despite the fact that many people in Kosovo have lost faith in Rugova?
RUBIN: Is that an assertion or a question?
Q: It's a little bit of both. I mean, I've heard you say and I've heard others say that so many in Kosovo no longer support, for the last ten years, watching Rugova essentially lose the moderates in his country.
RUBIN: I think what I have said is that the radicalization of the population of Kosovo has occurred precisely because of the actions and statements emanating from Belgrade. That is something we've referred to many times.
We believe that the leadership in Pristina, led by Dr. Rugova is central and indispensable to a peaceful resolution of this conflict. That is our view; that continues to be our view. But that doesn't mean we don't want to reflect in these discussions the full spectrum of opinion. To the extent that you talk about the KLA, I think we've made very clear that it is a much more disparate organizations than having three initials would make it seem. So what we are trying to do is reflect the wide variety of opinion in Kosovo -- political opinion, political views about the future of the country, those who are respected in their various communities; so that if an agreement can be achieved that yields greater rights for the Kosovar Albanians, that everyone's view will have been taken into account.
Q: Jamie, are you aware of the Senate resolution on Milosevic, suggesting that the War Crimes Tribunal should indict him based on the tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of people the Senate says he's responsible for?
RUBIN: I'm unaware of the resolution. Our view
on this is that it's not up to the Senate or the US Government to decide
who's indicted; it's up to the Tribunal. That's why one has a tribunal,
so that when indictments are brought down, that they have the independence
and respect that is necessary for that kind of an important judicial act
to be widely accepted.
There's no question
that we believe that President Milosevic has done great damage to the world
and to his country by the steps that have occurred since the early '90s
in Belgrade. With respect to whatever private views some of us may have
on his culpability, we think it's best to leave it to the Tribunal to make
a decision as to who should be indicted or not, because they're the ones
that have the evidence based on legal documentation rather than simply
opinion.
Q: Speaking of war crimes tribunals --
RUBIN: If we want to stay on Kosovo and then I'll come back for what I expect to be the larger subject.
Q: I just want to ask you again about your statement that we expect Dr. Rugova and our talks with him to reflect wider views. Does the US rule out KLA representatives as part of Dr. Rugova's team?
RUBIN: We've done this a lot of times here, and I'm just stunned I have to keep doing it. We are not going to decide for the Albanian side who's at the table. We want the views of the KLA, that is, the more extreme views, reflected at the table. But it is up to the Albanians to decide who's going to be at the table. We have not ruled it out, and I think if you look back at the numerous times I've addressed this issue, you will see that.
Q: I wonder if you'd talk a little bit about the strategy now for dealing with the issue of the War Crimes Tribunal and the agreement that was reached in Rome on Friday. And specifically, do you anticipate an effort by the United States Government to dissuade other countries from ratifying that agreement?
RUBIN: Let me make a few general points and then
I'll get directly to your question. The negotiating team obviously worked
very, very hard there. Ambassador Scheffer did his best to try to reflect
American interests and try to get the kind of court created that we think
would've been effective.
We've always supported
the creation of a fair and properly constituted international criminal
court to bring to justice those accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity
and genocide. And several aspects -- and I can provide you some more detail
later of the final document -- included things that we wanted. But in the
end the treaty, as currently envisaged, is deeply flawed and will produce
a flawed court. We are sorry to see that the court that people were in
a rush to create is simply not the kind of court the United States can
support. There was an unfortunate rush to judgment by the people in Rome
who seem more anxious in creating a -- making a point than making a difference.
I think everyone knows that an international criminal
court without the leading force for the rule of law and the leading force
for in the fight against war crimes and crimes against humanity -- that
is the United States -- is a weakened court and I think everyone knows
that.
There were three basic
reasons why we were unable to agree to this court and why we think it creates
an unfair double standard for states that choose not to sign the treaty.
First, once the treaty comes into force, it would extend the court's jurisdiction
over the nationals of countries that are not party to the treaty. Never
before has a treaty in international law -- from the work that I did this
morning -- put itself over those who have not been included in it. The
nation state is the fundamental unit in the international system, and international
law does not has not before seen a treaty try to impose itself on those
who have not signed it.
Even in the case of
the United Nations, everyone signed the UN treaty in which the Security
Council was created, and the Security Council often acts in opposition
to the views of particular member states; but they signed the underlying
document. This is, as international lawyers have explained it to me, something
that's never happened before.
The US armed forces
operating overseas, as a result of this flawed provision, could face prosecution
by the court even if the United States does not sign it. Not only would
this violate, as I said, the most fundamental principal of treaty law,
it could inhibit the ability of the United States to meet alliance obligations
and participate in multinational peace keeping operations. In short, it
could let US forces be subject to politically motivated or ill-considered
or unjustified prosecutions.
Second, we are concerned
about the treaty's failure to give states the chance to test the court's
experience before becoming subject to its jurisdiction. We sought a treaty
that would have allowed states to opt out for ten years for war crimes
and crimes against humanity so that we could accept the automatic jurisdiction
with respect to genocide. That would've allowed many, many more states
to sign on to the court immediately, creating a broad base of support for
it's work on genocide while allowing those with international peace keeping
responsibilities and security obligations the opportunity to see the court
in action.
Ironically, this provision,
combined with the treaty-drafters' insistence that non-state parties be
subject to the court's jurisdiction creates a double standard: countries
that now can sign the treaty and avoid prosecution of its nationals for
war crimes for the first seven years, while nations that do not sign the
treaty could face such prosecution. The starkest example would be that
the Pol Pots of the world can avoid prosecution, can be protected, while
the peace-keepers are prosecuted. This is an inherent flaw in the treaty.
It's a system that shows how a rush to judgment created a flawed instrument.
In short, a known human
rights violator could sign the treaty, opt out of war crimes and yet seek
to prosecute the United States when its peace-keeping forces seek to enforce
peace and security in that particular country.
Third, the treaty includes
a provision allowing the court's prosecutor to initiate investigations
even when no state party seeks such an investigation. This means that despite
our best efforts, the court will be deluged with complaints from well-meaning
individuals in organizations that will want the court to address every
wrong in the world. This will turn the court into a human rights ombudsman
and limit its ability to investigate the most serious crimes. It will also
leave the court open to frivolous and politically motivated complaints.
There is more to this
story that I don't care to share with you right now; I'm happy to do so
after the briefing. But let me, in direct answer to your question, say
that we, as a result of the court that has been created, it is hard to
see how the United States can support either politically or financially
such a court. As far as what we will do in the future, we will be reviewing
our options and examining what the likely next steps are. We will obviously
be having bilateral contacts with other countries. There will be a prep
com for certain elements of it. We need to determine the best course of
action so that the treaty text can be approved and facilitate possible
US participation if corrective steps are taken.
But we will reserve
the right to actively oppose the treaty if such changes are not made and
we determine such action to be necessary to protect our national security
interests. In short, we are going to try to convince the people who were
so determined to create this in a rushed way to think hard, think again,
try to correct the mistakes and put us in a position to try to join the
regime. If not, and we believe that our national interests could be affected,
we intend to reserve the right to actively oppose it.
Was that the longest
answer in the history of the State Department briefing? It's a very important
issue; and I thought it was important to get our views out there.
.......
_________________________
21 July 1998
TRANSCRIPT: RUBIN 7/17 REMARKS TO AMERICAN STUDIES FUND PROGRAM
(State spokesman says US has "unique responsibilities)
(8690)
excerpts
.....
Following is the State Department transcript:
(begin transcript)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesman
July 20, 1998
REMARKS BY STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN JAMES P. RUBIN TO THE FUND FOR AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM
July 17, 1998
Washington, D.C.
......
Q: I'd like to ask you about Kosovo. You spoke earlier about how it's our responsibility to protect dictators from abusing their populations. In light of past misconduct by Serbia and reports of continued human rights violations, I'm wondering if you could explain a little bit the position of the United States that supports autonomy for Kosovo without supporting independence.
RUBIN: We have no illusions about the danger and
the evil that is embodied in the leadership in Serbia. President Slobodan
Milosevic is a person who is responsible for some of the most horrible
things that have happened in Europe in the 20th century since World War
II.
Nevertheless, we do
not believe that the Albanians in Kosovo should break off from Serbia and
join in a larger, greater Albania, as many of them want to do; because
the danger there is that there are Albanians spread out from many countries
in that region. If they all tried to amalgamate in one greater Albania,
you could have a war between Serbia and Macedonia and Albania and Greece
and Bulgaria. There have been wars of this very nature three times in the
last 100 years. That is a grave risk.
Greece and Turkey, for
example, are NATO allies. We don't want to see a war in that region; and
to support, without thinking it through, the independence of the people
of Kosovo poses that risk. On the other hand, we've made very clear to
President Milosevic that we are not going to tolerate the kind of activities
in Kosovo that the world eventually stopped in Bosnia. That is why NATO
is conducting, on an accelerated basis, some very serious military planning
for what we might do if that starts to happen again.
So we're trying to deal
with the reality of the danger that Milosevic poses and the reality of
the danger posed by allowing Albanians to split off from Serbia and join
some greater Albania. And that's the problem.
Anyway, all of you asked
some very difficult questions -- almost as difficult, in some cases more
difficult, than the journalists I deal with every day. So at a minimum,
you all have great careers ahead of you as journalists in the State Department.
I've enjoyed it very
much. Thank you very much.
(end transcript)
Taken without permission, for fair use only.
Thousands flee turmoil in Kosovo
Drums of war quell Kosovo deal hopes
Serbs foil rebel bid to overrun first town
Serb Forces Claim a Tenuous Recapture of a Kosovo
City
Peace initiatives stall as KLA gains ground
Serb Police, Rebels Reportedly Clash
Serbs wait with finger on trigger in Kosovo
Thousands Flee Fighting in Kosovo
US Condemns Idea of Greater Albania
___________________________________
Published Tuesday, July 21, 1998,
San Jose Mercury News
Thousands flee turmoil in Kosovo
In Kosovo, tens of thousands of refugees streamed
deeper into guerrilla territory Monday to escape the third straight day
of fierce fighting between Serb security forces and militant separatists,
ethnic Albanian sources said. Some 25,000 people have been forced to flee
after house-to-house battles in Orahovac, the Albanian-language daily Koha
Ditore reported Monday. Both sides have indicated weekend fighting in the
town and near the border with Albania has killed at least 100 people. Each
side also claimed Sunday that it controlled most of Orahovac. With a peacetime
population of 20,000, it is the largest town yet caught in the ethnic conflict.
___________________________________
THE TIMES
July 21 1998 EUROPE
The ethnic Albanian province displays a paranoia
that may yet propel it into an all-out conflict,
writes Anthony Loyd
Drums of war quell Kosovo deal hopes
AN insurgent army, failing diplomacy, nervous
soldiers, the clenched-fist salutes of roadside children, pounding propaganda,
contagious paranoia, secret police and a growing body count: Kosovo feels
at the brink of madness that usually precedes war. On paper it is a conflict
that the Serbs have lost, but one that will be fought anyway.
President Milosevic's
Yugoslav National Army (JNA), though underpaid, ill-equipped and demoralised,
remains one of East Europe's most powerful armies. However, its hands will
be tied in a coming war by international pressure to avoid too high a civilian
death toll and stresses within Yugoslavia. Montenegro, whose conscripts
are fighting Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) guerrillas crossing the forested
border from Albania, is unlikely to stand by Belgrade should these troops
be used in the densely populated interior.
The demography of Kosovo
alone suggests that Serbian military victory would be impossible. More
than 90 per cent of its two million people are ethnic Albanians and, short
of a scorched earth policy, it is hard to see how the security forces could
crush a popular movement.
Ranged against Belgrade's
forces are the KLA fighters. Growing by the day in numbers, strength, organisation
and equipment, this force already controls more than 40 per cent of Kosovo's
territory. Far from being a haphazard conglomeration of peasants, the KLA
has a hardcore cadre that evidently has been established for some years.
Many Kosovo villagers
speak openly of having known who their local KLA commander was by 1995,
and admit to having been armed and structured since that time. Indeed,
the hierarchical Albanian family and clan units, with their secretive nature
and skill at having operated for years in a society devolved from Serb
control, have proved an ideal template on which to superimpose a guerrilla
command organisation. In a coming fight they will prove a hard force to
break.
In late February and
early March this year Mr Milosevic used Interior Ministry Special Police
units to wipe out two villages regarded as KLA hotbeds. But this move succeeded
only in goading KLA cells elsewhere into action.
While the West bases
its entire negotiating position on a compromise solution involving a broad-based
autonomy for the province and dealing with the Albanian moderate, Ibrahim
Rugova, the drum roll towards war has accelerated over the past three months,
making both the option of autonomy and the credibility of Mr Rugova obsolete.
The KLA wants full independence. The Kosovans want full independence.
With the pumping-out
of vitriolic propaganda by both sides, it is not uncommon to meet Albanians
who talk of Serb policemen cutting the foetuses out of pregnant women,
or Serbs who say Albanian parents throw their children in front of cars
to fund the KLA with insurance money. No one has witnessed either.
"The Slavs are barbarians,"
one Albanian doctor told me. "They do not want to live with us any more,
and we do not want to live with them." When intellectuals start talking
in such a way, you know instinctively that inter-ethnic harmony is over
bar the shooting.
On one hand, the loss
of Kosovo should herald the end for Mr Milosevic and his strategy of a
Greater Serbia. Most Serbs in Serbia admit to caring not at all for the
fate of the people in the province. Nevertheless, they would be happy to
blame its loss on the unpopular Yugoslav President, whose disastrous economic
policies have little support.
But Mr Milosevic, a
master of personal survival at the expense of his people, could yet play
a trump card. He knows that the West is disturbed by the prospect of an
independent Kosovo. A KLA force invigorated by victory would prove a destabilising
influence on the Albanian populations in Macedonia as well as in northern
Albania.
Moreover, if Kosovo
gains its independence, becoming free to unify with whomever it wishes
on the strength of majority vote alone, then the Bosnian Serbs of Republika
Srpska could be used by Belgrade to make similar demands in exchange for
loss of Kosovo, fraying the delicate Dayton peace accord in Bosnia which
has prevented them from unification with Serbia proper.
As the summer begins
to fade into autumn in Kosovo, the international community may well find
itself side by side with Belgrade's strategy of ragged containment in Kosovo,
sacrificing justice for pragmatism, while Mr Milosevic once again emerges
with renewed prowess.
July 21 1998 EUROPE
Serbs foil rebel bid to overrun first town
FROM DOUGLAS HAMILTON IN MALISEVO
SERB security forces said they were in full control
of the southwest Kosovo town of Orahovac yesterday, despite sporadic sniper
fire from pockets of Kosovo Liberation Army guerrillas.
The Serbs drove the
separatist KLA out of the centre on Sunday after two days of fighting in
which the guerrillas tried to storm the police station and capture their
first town in the five-month conflict. Reporters said Orahovac was sealed
off on all sides by Serb and KLA roadblocks.
Nervous KLA soldiers
near the guerrilla stronghold of Malisevo, ten miles north of Orahovac,
said fighting was still going on and that Serbs were using artillery.
A Serb security source
who refused to be identified said: "We could not permit the KLA to take
a large urban area and create an unofficial separatist capital."
The town, where ethnic
Albanians make up 80 per cent of the peacetime population of 20,000, is
37 miles southwest of Pristina. It is close to the southern edge of a swath
of western Kosovo between Pristina and the Albanian border that is largely
under the control of KLA fighters.
Fighting for Orahovac,
and clashes between the Yugoslav Army and KLA guerrillas ambushed while
trying to cross into Kosovo near Deravica from training grounds in northern
Albania, have cost heavy casualties. (Reuters)
___________________________________
THE NY TIMES
July 21, 1998
Serb Forces Claim a Tenuous Recapture of a Kosovo City
By MIKE O'CONNOR
ORAHOVAC, Yugoslavia -- Heavily armed ethnic Albanian
rebels looked down from the hills on the north side of this city on Sunday
and proclaimed the ferocious fighting below to be the death rattle of Serbian
control and the beginning of their new strategy of taking and holding large
towns.
On Monday, Serbian officers
on the hills to the south said they had retaken this city of 20,000.
The absence of gunfire
and the casual attitude of most of the Serbian troops now in trenches that
a day earlier had protected guerrillas gave reason to suspect that for
the moment the rebel strategy had been blunted.
But one Serbian commander's
description of conditions in the city may apply to much of the province
of Kosovo, where 90 percent of the people are Albanian and most of them
seem to want independence: "I can assure you that the government is in
100 percent control of the whole city, everywhere," said the officer, Capt.
Milan Sipka. "But it would not be safe to go in there unless you have an
armored personnel carrier."
Commanders of the ethnic
Albanian fighters say they have artillery and shoulder-fired anti-aircraft
missiles that could give them far greater ability to attack government
forces or to defend themselves.
Serbian officers say
they think the rebels, who have formed the Kosovo Liberation Army, probably
have at least some artillery pieces. "I can't confirm that absolutely,"
Sipka said, "but from the sounds of the weapons used against us and the
type of explosions, we think it was artillery."
Troops from the Serbian
interior ministry who counterattacked the ethnic Albanian forces here displayed
shoulder-fired rocket launchers, heavy machine guns and an anti-aircraft
gun they said they had found in the captured rebel positions. Officers
said some of the weapons and ammunition were from China, and the weapons
did bear markings that appeared to be Chinese.
Orahovac was attacked
by the Kosovo Liberation Army over the weekend. Its population is almost
entirely Albanian, with Serbian policemen and officials in the government
offices and the hospital, which were the rebel targets. Late Monday night,
after the government troops' counterattack, Albanian journalists in the
area reported a large flow of refugees toward the north. Those reports
could not be confirmed.
There are perhaps 2,000
ethnic Serbian residents of Orahovac. On Monday police officials said about
35 Serbian civilians had not been accounted for. Officials said they suspected
that at least some had been taken by the rebels as prisoners, though they
said they had no concrete evidence. Serbian officers said one police officer
had been killed in the counterattack but that they knew of no deaths among
Serbian civilians.
Monday afternoon, 70
ethnic Albanian women and children huddled in one corner of a gas station
in a single quivering mass. Government troops who had detained them during
the counterattack stood nearby.
"We're housewives with
children," said Sevdia Hoxa, a white scarf over her grey hair. "We don't
know what is happening. We spent the last three days in the basements of
our homes with our children and grandchildren and nothing to eat."
Her words came slowly,
her knowledge of Serbian limited; many ethnic Albanians cannot speak Serbian.
"The shooting stopped
just about an hour ago, and the soldiers brought us here," said a woman
who would not give her name as two of her small children held her. "What
will they do to us now?"
Despite their fears,
the women said they had been given fruit juice and milk for their children.
And an hour later the authorities began to release some of the women and
children.
In a small room of the
gas station, some 40 ethnic Albanian men sat on the floor, their knees
to their chests, their heads down in despair. They said they were civilians,
but most seemed able-bodied. None had been mistreated, but an intense terror
radiated from their eyes.
As Serbian forces inched
in to retake Orahovac, they also moved toward an area north of the town
that is a stronghold of the Kosovo Liberation Army. But in the ethnic Albanian
villages through which they advanced, they were confronted by a network
of new trenches and bunkers, and houses where snipers lay waiting, according
to Serbian officers.
This is a problem the
Serbs will face in other places, because though the government may control
the main buildings in the cities and towns, including the police headquarters
and city hall, the great majority of the people in the villages sympathize
with the rebels. In the villages, the insurgents can prepare their attacks
more easily and also withdraw from Serbian attack.
Monday afternoon, standing
in Bela Crkva, a village just south of Orahovac, Sipka pointed to a score
or more of the roofless or burned-out buildings that his men had fired
on to rout the rebels.
"There were teams of
snipers," he said. "There were barricades across the road and machine-gun
positions in many places."
But of the 800 rebels
Sipka estimated had been waiting for his forces before they got to Orahovac,
not one prisoner was taken and no dead were found.
"They just seemed to
get away," the captain said.
___________________________________
Wednesday, July 22, 1998
(Australian Time)
KOSOVO
Peace initiatives stall as KLA gains ground
By PATRICK BISHOP in London
Diplomatic efforts to end the war in Kosovo are
stalled while the international community awaits developments on the battlefield.
Moves by Germany and
France to call a peace conference like the one that resolved the Bosnian
conflict have received a cool reception from Britain and America. They
are against intervention, while the Serbs and their ethnic Albanian separatist
adversaries believe they can still make gains by fighting on.
The attitude of the
powers engaged in trying to broker a settlement in Kosovo has changed since
last month.
Then, the six-nation
Contact Group threatened Mr Slobodan Milosevic, the Yugoslav President,
with air strikes unless he reined-in his special forces fighting with the
guerillas of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). But KLA military successes
and confusion over who represents ethnic Albanian opinion have diminished
the pressure on the outside world to come up with a quick fix.
Nonetheless, Germany
has approached America to test the idea of an international conference
similar to the one at Dayton, Ohio, in 1995.
Then, the parties in
the Bosnian war were brought together and kept isolated until they emerged
with a comprehensive settlement.
The idea, with French
backing, was privately put to the United States Ambassador to France, Mr
Felix Rohatyn.
But America, like Britain,
is unimpressed with the idea. The Dayton deal was done when the Serbs were
exhausted and the Muslim and Croat forces were on the offensive, buoyed
up by a NATO bombing campaign that amounted to an intervention on their
behalf.
"We're not sure that
the situation is ripe for a Dayton-style conference," a British diplomat
said on Monday.
"The KLA are making
gains. They have to be persuaded that there is something to be gained from
negotiations."
The German intervention
seems to stem from domestic political considerations rather than from a
conviction that the circumstances exist for peace.
Spokesmen for the KLA
said at the weekend that they aimed to create an independent Albania from
"the Albanian lands of Kosovo, Macedonia, and Montenegro".
But an Albanian State
shattering existing borders is what Western powers are struggling to prevent.
The international community's
uneasiness over the ethnic Albanian cause has intensified since it became
clear that most Kosovars would no longer be satisfied with the autonomy
that is all the outside world is prepared to advocate.
The Telegraph, London
___________________________________
Tuesday July 21 10:33 AM EDT
Serb Police, Rebels Reportedly Clash
ANNE THOMPSON Associated Press Writer
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - Serb police and ethnic
Albanian rebels today reportedly clashed near Orahovac for a fourth day,
and Albanian sources said at least 36 Albanians have died in fighting around
the strategic town in central Kosovo.
Serb authorities escorted
reporters to the southern edge of Orahovac on Monday to see weapons captured
from the Kosovo Liberation Army, which attacked the town Saturday.
The Serb escorts refused
to allow reporters into the center of town, saying Albanian snipers were
still firing at police. In the distance, smoke billowed from fires in the
area, suggesting the conflict was not over.
Today, the Kosovo Information
Center, which is close to ethnic Albanian politicians, reported Serb forces
were still shelling KLA positions in Orahovac and that fighting was also
raging in outlying villages.
The center said at least
36 Albanians had been killed, including women and children.
Elsewhere, the Albanians
claimed about 100 ethnic Albanians were detained in a police crackdown
in Prizren, 45 miles south of Pristina.
The Yugoslav news agency
Tanjug said Albanian gunmen attacked lead and zinc mines 20 miles west
of Pristina late Monday but were driven off by security guards.
None of the reports
could be independently confirmed.
The fighting around
Orahovac has cast doubt on the possibility of a negotiated settlement between
Serbia, which dominates what remains of Yugoslavia, and the independence-minded
Albanians who make up 90 percent of Kosovo's population.
House-to-house battles
in Orahovac forced as many as 25,000 residents from the town and its surroundings
to the KLA-controlled town of Malisevo, 10 miles to the north, according
to local media reports.
Serb police say as many
as 600 KLA rebels tried to seize Orahovac, capturing and shutting down
a power plant before moving on to the post office. The police forced them
to flee by car or by foot, leaving weapons behind.
During a visit to the
town Monday, Serb forces showed reporters seized weapons, including assault
rifles, machine guns, hand grenades and rocket-propelled grenades.
Orahovac, with a population
of 20,000 people, is the biggest town to be caught in Kosovo's fighting,
which flared in February when Serb forces cracked down on the KLA.
"We heard the shooting
and ran down into the basement. When we came out, we went to the police,"
said Adem Vucitrn, who was huddled with other refugees on the floor of
a gas station.
The capture of Orahovac
would expand the nearly 40 percent of Kosovo the KLA is said to control
- and give the rebels command of a strategic road.
Ibrahim Rugova, the
Kosovo Albanians' elected leader, said Monday that all Kosovo Albanian
political parties would unite "in the next few days" in a coalition government.
But with the KLA rejecting
a subordinate role to Rugova, who wants independence by peaceful means,
it was unclear whether such a coalition would be able to play a greater
role in ending the violence.
The United States and
European governments fear the fighting could spill over into neighboring
countries with large Albanian populations.
___________________________________
Tuesday July 21 10:40 AM EDT
Serbs wait with finger on trigger in Kosovo
By Alexander Vasovic
PREOCE, Serbia (Reuters) - Fears descends with
night on the Kosovo village of Preoce where Serb men take up vigil in crude
trenches, eyes and ears straining, nervous fingers on their triggers.
Their estranged Albanian
neighbors listen just as keenly from nearby villages in the sultry summer
darkness, ready to open fire at any sign of attack.
Ethnic Albanian militants
have coalesced into the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and are gaining support
from rural inhabitants to take the province out of federal Yugoslavia,
comprised of the republics of Serbia and Montenegro.
President Slobodan Milosevic
of Serbia, of which Kosovo is a part, is bent on defeating the KLA by all
possible means. To that end, some Yugoslav army (VJ) units have issued
infantry weapons to local Serbs.
Clashes between villages
have subsequently erupted with both sides entrenched in old, deep-seated
hatreds.
"My great grandfather
was born here. My family is in in Preoce ever since, and for us there is
simply no place to go. Either we stay here or we will die," said Svetislav
Tanaskovic, 68, as he scanned Albanian positions in nearby Slatina.
Ninety percent of Kosovo's
1.9 million people are ethnic Albanians. The Serb population has dwindled
from about 25 percent at the end of World War Two to around a 10th today.
Kosovo Serbs feel increasingly
beleaguered after the KLA seized effective control of around half the province,
which is the size of Corsica.
"We had no major problems
with our Albanian neighbors before, but that does not exclude the possibility
that we will. That is why we dug these trenches..." said Tanaskovic, a
retired truck driver and the Preoce community leader.
He was carrying a semi-automatic
army rifle issued by the VJ.
More than 400 people
have been killed and some 60 Serbs reportedly abducted in Kosovo since
March, when the KLA launched its guerrilla campaign for independence.
"I understand Albanians.
There are too many of them and they have to expand, but why on my land?"
Tanaskovic said while Yugoslav MiG-21 fighters from a nearby military airfield
were taking off for a night-training flight.
"However," he added,
"it's our own problem as well. We have only one or two children and they
sometimes have 10 or more. They will overwhelm us in no more than two decades
anyway."
Tanaskovic suddenly
gripped his rifle more tightly and said: "But if someone in Belgrade signs
something that will give Kosovo to Albanians -- curse on them! Curse on
Milosevic as well, if he does so! Curse on those who leave. This is their
soil."
Many Serbs, including
those opposed to Milosevic and his rigid socialist rule, fear that that
Serbia could break apart over Kosovo.
"However, I do not have
anything against Albanians. What they are doing is perfectly legitimate
from their point of view. Unlike us, they have allies - Americans, Germans,
Croats, and Turks," said Tanaskovic.
"Yet, this land is beautiful,
big and rich enough for all of us. The Albanians would only have to realize
that we would stay here. Not because we are stubborn or brainwashed by
Belgrade. Just because this is ours as well."
He and his fellow villagers
remained kneeling in dusty trenches hidden in a cornfield. Others stood
night watch on the outskirts of Preoce. No one, apart from locals would
be allowed to enter the village before daybreak.
___________________________________
Monday July 20 4:32 PM EDT
Thousands Flee Fighting in Kosovo
ADAM BROWN Associated Press Writer
ORAHOVAC, Yugoslavia (AP) - Tens of thousands
of refugees streamed deeper into guerrilla territory Monday to escape the
third straight day of fierce fighting between Serb security forces and
militant separatists, ethnic Albanian sources said.
Some 25,000 people have
been forced to flee after house-to-house battles in Orahovac, the Albanian-language
daily Koha Ditore reported Monday. Both sides have indicated weekend fighting
in the town and near the border with Albania has killed at least 100 people.
Each side also claimed
Sunday that it controlled most of Orahovac. With a peacetime population
of 20,000, it is the largest town yet caught in the ethnic conflict.
The violence casts more
doubt on the possibility of a negotiated settlement between Serbia, which
dominates what remains of Yugoslavia, and independence-minded ethnic Albanians,
who make up 90 percent of Kosovo's population.
Reporters brought to
Orahovac's outskirts by Serb police saw no signs of life in the town, and
no sound or sight of fighting. Smoke was rising from one area, it was not
clear what was burning.
Serb police clearly
controlled the southern edge of Orahovac but said separatist Kosovo Liberation
Army snipers continued to fire at the town center from hills to the north.
Serb police Capt. Milan
Sipka said one officer was killed and nine were wounded after 600 KLA fighters
stormed the town of red brick and concrete houses, in the middle of a traditional
wine-making region. It was not clear how many ethnic Albanians were killed.
"It's not safe in our
houses ... because of the snipers," Sipka said.
The thousands of refugees
were moving north to Malisevo, in territory believed held by the KLA, according
to Koha Ditore, the Pristina-based newspaper.
The reports would make
the battles among the deadliest in nearly five months of fighting in Serbia's
Kosovo province.
In other fighting, the
Serb Media Center in Pristina said at least 20 ethnic Albanian rebels were
killed Sunday when a few hundred tried to cross the Albanian-Yugoslav border
northwest of Djakovica.
The center claimed Monday
that 16 foreigners were among the Albanian fighters, but it was not clear
whether any had been killed or captured.
It said documents found
at the scene indicated five were Albanians from Macedonia, six were from
Saudi Arabia and one was from Yemen. Another four apparently were Arabs
from Germany.
The European Union on
Monday condemned the reported infiltration of fighters from Albania into
Kosovo and the alleged shelling by Yugoslav troops over the border into
Albania.
The United States and
other foreign powers hope that ethnic Albanian leader Ibrahim Rugova, who
favors independence but through peaceful means, can reach an agreement
with Serbian and Yugoslav authorities on ending the conflict. The United
States and European powers support autonomy, but not independence for Kosovo.
Rugova's aides said
Monday that "the latest Serb attacks ... have lessened the chances of a
peaceful solution to the Kosovo problem."
Rugova has lost much
of his popular support since the Serb crackdown on Kosovo, which radicalized
Kosovo's Albanians and resulted in increased backing for the KLA.
KLA spokesman, Jakup
Krasniqi, told German television that it was his group's aim to unite all
of the regions that have an Albanian majority, including those in Macedonia
and in Montenegro, Yugoslavia's smaller republic.
___________________________________
Monday July 20 6:05 PM EDT
US Condemns Idea of Greater Albania
BARRY SCHWEID AP Diplomatic Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) - The Clinton administration declared
its opposition on Monday to the Greater Albania that some secessionists
in Serbia's Kosovo province seek.
The aim of these ethnic
militants is independence and then union with neighboring Albania, possibly
while absorbing other territories.
American diplomats are
trying to talk Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic into restoring the
autonomy he canceled in 1989 for the mostly ethnic Albanian province.
But that is as far as
the Clinton administration intends to go, State Department spokesman James
P. Rubin made clear Monday.
"As far as the question
of a greater Albania is concerned, and who is for it and who is against
it, let me start by saying we're against it and that this would be a very
dangerous development that could affect the stability of the region," the
spokesman said.
At the same time, Rubin
said if reports of Serb cross-border shelling of Albania were true, that
would be "an unacceptable violation of Albanian territory."
Similarly, he said there
was some basis for reports that ethnic Albanians staged actions from Albania
although "who fired the first shot is almost impossible to know in these
cases."
American diplomats continue
to shuttle between the Serbs and the ethnic Albanians, trying to produce
an autonomy agreement, but the two sides seem to be doing more fighting
than negotiating.
"This is a difficult
problem that we are trying to address - finding a solution between the
claims of the Kosovar-Albanians for independence and the stripping of the
autonomy of the Kosovar-Albanians by Serbia," Rubin said.
"And so we are working
intensively on some ideas that we've put down to try to create enhanced
autonomy for the people of Kosovo and give them what they want without
seeing this conflict spin out of control and spill over into the countries
in the region."
_______________________________________________________________________
|
Homepage
Inhaltsverzeichnis - Contents Seite erstellt am 22.7.1998 |
||
Dillinger
Straße 41
86637
Wertingen
|
|||
Telefon
08272 - 98974
Fax
08272 - 98975
|
|||
E-mail
wplarre@dillingen.baynet.de
|