==>  Resolution, Presseerklärung, Berichte

besinnliche Adventszeit ? - Christkindlmarkt - Stadt der Menschenrechte ?

Albin Kurt has been released from Serbian prison on 7 December 2001,  but 203 Kosova-Albanian prisoners remain, detained in Serbia since June 1999. "The worst thing has happened," Kurti told reporters on his release.  "I've been freed alone. My friends are still in prison in Serbia," he added after arriving by Red Cross jeep in the town of Merdare on the Kosovo border. more ...

http://www.FreeAlbinKurti.com Albin Kurti sentenced to 15 years imprisonment NISH, March 13 - The District Court of Nish today sentenced Albanian student leader Albin Kurti to 15 years imprisonment, on charges of criminal acts against the territorial integrity of the former Yugoslavia and involvement in subversive terrorist activity. [more see :   http://www.FreeAlbinKurti.com ] NEWS ==>ALBIN KURTI <== NEWS RELEASE THE KOSOVAR POLITICAL PRISONERS FROM SERBIA NOW! Biographyof Albin Kurti  written by his brother Details and articles on Albin's background and his political and peace work  ==> http://www.bndlg.de/~wplarre/Suche-Kurti.htm

after the elections in Kosov@: I beg my friends in Kosov@: Please use the chance you have been given ! outside Kosov@: Give any support for realization of HUMAN RIGHTS !

http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/c2d0b205765d98f985256b0a00574c33?OpenDocument Source: Amnesty International Date: 20 Nov 2001 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Kosovo elections - Time to right the wrongs AI Index: EUR 70/018/2001  The new government of Kosovo must commit itself to ending the climate of impunity for abuses of the human rights of minority communities, Amnesty International urged Ibrahim Rugova, leader of the ethnic Albanian LDK (Democratic League of Kosovo) and the new government, following the announcement of a majority for the LDK party in the Kosovo elections.      "The president, government and members of the newly elected and multi-ethnic assembly should use this opportunity to lay the foundation stones for a society which promotes and respects the human rights of all people in Kosovo," Amnesty International urged.      Amnesty International called on the new government to take such measures as are possible within their remit to guarantee the international human rights and "the Rights of Communities and Their Members" set out in the Constitutional Framework for the Provisional Self-Government of Kosovo. It also called upon elected representatives of both ethnic Albanian and Serb communities to ensure that members of their respective communities observe the human rights standards and guarantees set out in the Constitutional Framework.      Members of Serb, Roma and other minority communities have been subject to continuing human rights abuses by members of the ethnic Albanian community -- including abductions, murders and other violent attacks -- since July 1999, when Serb military and paramilitary forces left Kosovo. An estimated 1,300 Serbs and 800 Roma are reported to have been abducted since July 1999. Few perpetrators have been identified or brought to justice. Members of Serb and other minority communities are also denied freedom of movement - unable to travel outside Serb enclaves without a Kosovo Force (KFOR) escort - and access to basic economic, social and cultural rights.      Amnesty International reminds the UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and KFOR that under UN Security Council Resolution 1244/99, they have responsibilities to protect and promote human rights. Therefore, UNMIK, KFOR and Hans Haekkerup, Special Representative of the UN Secretary General should support and cooperate with the new provisional self-government to ensure the establishment of a rule of law which fully protects the human rights of all people in Kosovo.      In addition, Amnesty International remains concerned about violations of the rights of members of the ethnic Albanian community by UNMIK and KFOR, particularly their violation of international standards guaranteeing the rights of detainees.  Background  Prior to the elections both ethnic Albanians and Serbs were subjected to politically motivated killings and attacks: on 2 September Qerim Ismaili, secretary of the Kosovo Democratic Initiative was killed in Donje Godance, near Stimlje; on 19 October Bekim Kastrati, a journalist for the newspaper Bota Sot, and Besim Dajaku - an LDK bodyguard - were killed by gun-fire when their vehicle was ambushed in Srbica; on 20 October Rados Radonjic, an employee of the Serbian TV station RTS, was seriously wounded at his home in Devet Jugovica, north of Pristina; on 17 November, in Djakovica, a crowd of up to 1,000 ethnic Albanians reportedly stoned members of the Povratak Coalition as they left a church after a political rally. Other attacks or attempts at intimidation took place against individuals, their homes and party offices or election meetings.      Despite calls to boycott the elections, approximately 43% of the potential Serb electorate both in Kosovo and those internally displaced in Serbia took part, with the Serbian Povratak (Return) Coalition guaranteed in the Kosovo Assembly. A further 10 seats are guaranteed for other minorities.  For more information please call Amnesty International's press office in London, UK, on +44 20 7413 5566 Amnesty International, 1 Easton St., London WC1X 0DW web : http://www.amnesty.org  Amnesty International is impartial and independent of any government, political persuasion or religious creed.  © Amnesty International

"Boll ma"            - "Enough is enough"                         - "Mjaft është mjaft" campaign against any violence in and about Kosov@ more information see    "Enough" Say Kosovo Anti-violence Crusaders and    "the Forum"  http://www.forumi.org/ Logo used with permission - Copyright: "the Forum", Rruga e Goleshit 18/2, 38000 Prishtinë, Kosova, Tel: + 381 (0)38 24 678, Mob: + 377 (0)44 111 964

	"Boll ma"            - "Enough is enough"                         - "Mjaft është mjaft" campaign against any violence in and about Kosov@ more information see    "Enough" Say Kosovo Anti-violence Crusaders and    "the Forum"  http://www.forumi.org/
Logo used with permission - Copyright: "the Forum", Rruga e Goleshit 18/2, 38000 Prishtinë, Kosova, Tel: + 381 (0)38 24 678, Mob: + 377 (0)44 111 964

Dazu schreibt Divi Beineke, webmaster der Internetseiten „Wiederaufbau“: "Hilfe für Menschen in Kosova - materiell und menschlich -  für  den Wiederaufbau ihres Landes und die Entwicklung einer friedlichen Gesellschaft" Das ist das Motto der Website "Wiederaufbau Kosova",  die überarbeitet und mit neuer Adresse ihren Betrieb wieder aufgenommen hat. Unter: http://www.bndlg.de/~wplarre/Wiederaufbau/ dient diese Website als Podium zum Austausch von Angeboten und Gesuchen (z.B. Arbeitskräfte, Material, Transporte ...) für die Hilfe beim Wiederaufbau. Privatleute, aber auch Firmen und alle Hilfsorganisationen sind eingeladen, hier ihre Angebote und Gesuche zu veröffentlichen! -- Wiederaufbau Kosova - Reconstruction Kosova Rindërtimi i Kosovas - Obnova Kosova http://www.bndlg.de/~wplarre/Wiederaufbau/

neue Rechtslage- interessant auch für Zurückgekehrte K i n d e r g e l d für als Arbeitnehmer tätige Flüchtlinge aus der Türkei oder dem ehem. Jugoslawien ohne gesicherten Aufenthaltsstatus auch nachträglich ab Juli 1997 kurze Übersicht im Wortlaut: Kindergelderlass der Bundesanstalt fuer Arbeit vom 19.2.2001 ausführlicher Text: Kindergeld für Kriegsfluechtlinge aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien Neue Entscheidungen zum Flüchtlingssozialrecht - AUSZUG Stand 15.03.2001 nur Inhaltsverzeichnis, ENTSCHEIDUNGEN ZUM KINDER- UND ERZIEHUNGSGELD, Literaturliste, Abkürzungsverzeichnis Kindergeld für Arbeitnehmer aus der Tuerkei und Jugoslawien neuer Erlass der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit vom 16.03.2001 Merkblatt über Kindergeld für Staatsangehörige Jugoslawiens, Bosnien-Herzegowinas, Kroatiens, Sloweniens, Mazedoniens und der Türkei ohne Aufenthaltsberechtigung oder Aufenthaltserlaubnis ZUM DRUCKEN: Webseite, die NUR den Text des Merkblattes enthält   Formulare der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit   Merkblätter im PDF-Format   Download von Vordrucken  (im Word97-Format)

 

05.05.2001 ABDUCTIONS -1-010417.htm

HLC - Humanitarian Law Center Abductions and Disappearances of non-Albanians in Kosovo download report in Word 97 doc format. http://www.hlc.org.yu/english/reports/Abductions.doc or read as HTM-Files   http://www.bndlg.de/~wplarre/ABDUCTIONS-1-010417.htm

 

new website under construction: prisoners in Serbian jails  / missing persons: LINKS part of A-PAL (ALBANIAN PRISONER ADVOCACY)  - MAY 3, 2001  A-PAL REGARDING MISSING  The subject of missing has been overshadowed for the past two years by the urgent needs of the 2,000 prisoners and their families. After a war, it also takes time for basic information to be gathered, cross-checked, and published.  Now, however, it is time for A-PAL to join with other organizations in the region to support the families of those who still seek answers about missing family members. According to HLC director, Natasa Kandic, the crime of abducting individuals is a very serious crime with long-lasting implications.  Background Information:  The ICRC in Kosova began working on gathering information on missing in January, 1998 and has updated those records ever since. Their staff also cross-checks their information with other lists and tries their utmost to be accurate in their reports. Their list of missing from the Kosova conflict is on their web site. Their director is Valerie Brasey.  ICRC conducts region-wide information gathering on missing from all the Yugoslav wars. It is very important to understand that missing is a regional problem now in all parts of the former Yugoslavia.  UNMIK has a department for Missing and Detained. The human rights staff director there is Mary Ellen Andreotti. The missing persons staff member is Charlie Johnson. And now the Kosova Red Cross is beginning work on verification.  In addition, the Humanitarian Law Center in Belgrade and Prishtina recently has published a book on non-Albanian missing with photographs and narrations. They also held a roundtable on missing in Belgrade in March, 2001, which was attended by UNHCHR, UNMIK Human Rights staff, police, Serb UNMIK, and UN Envoy on Missing and Detained, Henrik Amneus. The HLC has now completed a similar book of Albanian missing and hopes to have another Roundtable in Prishtina. Because of extreme hostility in Kosova between Serbs and Albanians, Kandic sees the first step happening at the "expert" level. Because people need to begin talking on both sides. But how to make this begin?  Both the HLC and the ICRC have previous experience working on the problem of missing in Bosnia. 5,000 people disappeared from Srebenica for example. There has been five years of discussion and few bodies have been found. But the families of missing in Bosnia now recognize the importance of beginning discussions among ethnic groups as the only way to provide answers.  So far, A-PAL has made every effort to be factual in our newsletters, sites, and action campaigns. So in future newsletters, we will only work with standardized groups, those that have experience in being objective in their reporting and gathering of information. It is a terrible thing to raise the hopes of these desperate families only to disappoint them later on when the information turns out to be untrue. To the best of our knowledge, there are no hidden detention camps on either side, Serb or Albanian. This is a region-wide problem as the result of the wars in the break-up of Yugoslavia.  According to ICRC director, Valerie Brasey, Families of Missing need real answers not false hopes. They need information, tragic or not, to finalize what happened, and to begin a peaceful start to a new life. Widows need legal information to begin new lives.  Groups such as the ONZA Detective Agency are active now in all areas of former Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia, Vojvodina, and Serbia. We urge families to deal directly with the ICRC, which is now located in all Kosova villages, rather than private groups that may seek financial gain in preying on hopes that in the end may be false.  In Bosnia, the work of the International Committee of Missing Persons has been very controversial as well. They have developed a huge DNA blood bank. This can be one method of verifying remains, but again, it often raises false hopes and creates a storehouse of difficult to manage precedents and procedures.  One little known fact of the greatest value is: the ICRC staff are protected from testifying in court cases involving missing. This means that their field staff throughout Kosova villages keep all information confidential. Their position is simply this: families need answers.  ICRC does not verify Information at burial sites. Instead they pass the information on to KFOR or SFOR or the UNMIK police. They cannot be forced to reveal the source of this information.  We urge everyone reading this newsletter-politicians, NGO workers, teachers, advocates, and family members as well as released prisoners-  Start talking about this problem with all those in positions or responsibility. Make sure the media provides this simple background information. Have the ICRC talk in villages about the role of confidentiality and the concrete process involved if they should receive information about a burial site.  RESOLVING THE ANGUISH OF THE FAMILIES OF DETAINED AND MISSING IS CRUCIAL TO ESTABLISHING SECURE HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVA, SERBIA, MACEDONIA. HELP START THE PROCESS.  ICRC/KOSOVO- InfoDiss/PRI@mekoe.unicc.org Communications specialist: "Caroline Michele Ma Douilliez" <cdouilliez.PRI@icrc.org>

THE ICRC PUBLISHES THE SECOND EDITION OF THE "BOOK OF MISSING" KOMITETI  NDËRKOMBËTAR  I  KRYQIT  TË KUQ (KNKK) LËSHON BOTIMIN E DYTË TË "LIBRIT TË ZHDUKURVE" Persons unaccounted for in connection with the Kosovo crisis see:   back010410.htm

HLC - Humanitarian Law Center http://www.hlc.org.yu/english/reports.htm Abductions and Disappearances of non-Albanians in Kosovo download report in Word 97 doc format. http://www.hlc.org.yu/english/reports/Abductions.doc [ The report has 227 pages.  Here the introduction is quoted.]   ABDUCTIONS AND DISAPPEARANCES OF NON-ALBANIANS IN KOSOVO 24 March 1999 – 31 December 2000 At least 932 non-Albanians disappeared  or were abducted  in the period from the deployment of the international peacekeeping force (KFOR) in Kosovo on 12 June 1999 up to 31 December 2000. Field research by the Humanitarian Law Center (HLC) brought out that Serbs, Roma, Montenegrins and Bosniacs went missing on a daily basis from 12 June to 1 September 1999, in which period 835 non-Albanians were abducted or disappeared. The whereabouts of 593 remain unknown. The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) released 141 persons, 24 were able to escape from KLA prisons, 13 were set free by KFOR, and 62 were killed after being abducted.  The missing persons are mainly civilians.  Of the 593 non-Albanian missing registered by the HLC, 257 were taken by KLA members or individuals acting in its name and all trace of them was subsequently lost, while 336 disappeared in unclear circumstances. The greatest number of disappearances was registered in cities and towns in which there was no violence on a larger scale by Serbian forces against ethnic Albanians during the NATO bombing.  In the period from 12 June to 1 September 1999, 121 non-Albanians disappeared in Prizren: 51 were taken by KLA members and their whereabouts remain unknown; 42 disappeared in unclear circumstances; five were killed after being taken; and 23 were released by the KLA or through the intervention of KFOR. In Priština in the same period, 142 non-Albanians disappeared, of whom 27 were released by the KLA a few days later. Up to 1 September, families or KFOR found the bodies of seven of the Priština missing. In Gnjilane, 120 persons disappeared: 47 were released by the KLA after questioning and eight were set free by KFOR. The bodies of 10 non-Albanians who were killed after being taken were found. According to information collected by the HLC, 63 Serbs and Roma3  disappeared in Djakovica within a period of two and a half months.  Fourteen were released by the KLA after being questioned for a few hours or several days, two were able to escape, the remains of four taken from their homes were found, and the fate of 41 is unknown.  HLC research indicates that several tens of Yugoslav Army members and police disappeared during the NATO bombing and fighting with the KLA, whose whereabouts remain unknown. In the same period, over 1,500 Albanians went missing after being taken into custody, most frequently after men were separated out of refugee columns. Their fate, too, is unknown. After 1 September 1999, abductions and disappearances occurred as isolated incidents. This was primarily the result of the fact that Serbs had either fled Kosovo or sought refuge in enclaves protected by KFOR. HLC data shows that 97 non-Albanians went missing from 1 September 1999 up to the end of December 2000 and that nothing is known about 72 of them. Involuntary disappearances, however, continue in Kosovo.  Over 300 Albanians went missing in the second half of 1999 and during 2000 and the indications are that their abduction was politically motivated. The fate of the majority remains unclear.  Allegations on the existence of KLA prisons were independently confirmed by numerous witnesses interviewed by the HLC. There is no doubt that the KLA held prisoners in many public buildings, private houses and in the open. The information collected brought out that the KLA had over 100 prisons up to 1 September 1999, which is directly connected with the number of disappearances and abductions of non-Albanians. No independent confirmation was available for allegations that secret KLA prisons existed during 2000. It is certain that the KLA made it a practice to frequently move prisoners from one location to another in order to preclude discovery of the secret prisons by KFOR. Witnesses and victims stated that the locations of a number of KLA prisons were reported to KFOR in June 1999 but that KFOR failed to take any action. The HLC learned that, after the abduction of five Serbs in Orahovac on 29 October 1999, KFOR in Pe? checked out allegations of secret KLA prisons in the building of the Yugoslav Army Cultural Center and an abandoned industrial plant in the Piskote neighborhood of Djakovica but found no prisoners there. The abducted included two Orahovac Serbs into whom the Prizren public prosecutor had requested an investigation on suspicion that they committed war crimes against the civilian population.  It is certain that the KLA maintained prisons in the basement of the Paštrik Hotel, the Start driving school, the building of the former Yugoslav Army Cultural Center and in the abandoned factory in the Piskote neighborhood in Djakovica; in the boarding school, the basement of the supermarket in Bojanina Street, the ?enar ?esma neighborhood and the Starti stadium in Gnjilane; in the buildings of the district prison and former police station, the school for deaf-mutes, the basement of the Yugoslav Program apartment complex, the former Yugoslav Army Cultural Center and the abandoned house of a Serb, Dragan Spasi?, in Prizren; in private houses in Zlatare and Mati?evo villages, in the Dragodan, Taslidže and Ulpijana districts and the Meto Barjaktari elementary school in Priština. All these locations were used by the KLA in the second half of June, July and August 1999 when non-Albanians disappeared or were abducted on a daily basis. The HLC was able to investigate the disappearances which occurred following the deployment of KFOR in Kosovo thanks to the assistance and support of Father Sava and clergy and monks of the Gra?anica and Visoki De?ani Monasteries.  The present report is not a full and completely accurate account of the missing Serbs, Roma, Bosniacs, Montenegrins, Yugoslav Army members and police as it does not include the disappearances and abductions in 1998 or cases after the arrival of KFOR, which the HLC was unable to research independently either because of lack of sufficient data or because witnesses were unavailable.  __________________________________ 1  Term denotes persons who disappeared in unclear circumstances, with no eyewitnesses of the incident. 2  Term denotes persons who were unlawfully deprived of their liberty, either by the KLA or persons acting in its name.  3  Indications are that the number of Roma missing is higher than that registered by the HLC.  Roma displaced from Kosovo often change their places of residence in Serbia and Montenegro, owing to which the HLC was unable to locate eyewitnesses of abductions and verify statements on the disappearance of over 150 Roma in Djakovica following the deployment of KFOR.

 

	SCHWEIZERISCHE FLÜCHTLINGSHILFE           ORGANISATION SUISSE D'AIDE AUX REFUGIES           SWISS REFUGEE COUNCIL        http://www.sfh-osar.ch/
SFH-Position vom 2. April 2001 zu Kosova und Südserbien Stellungnahme der SFH zu Asylgewährung, vorläufiger Aufnahme und Wegweisungshindernissen für kosova-albanische Asyl Suchende aus dem Kosova und aus Südserbien, (Stand 2.4.2001, deutsch, 4 Seiten) AutorIn: SFH 05.04.2001    POS010402d.pdf Download http://www.sfh-osar.ch/imgupload/gutachten_laenderberichte/POS010402d.pdf Kosova - Situation der ethnischen Minderheiten Lageübersicht, Situation der ethnischen Minderheiten in Kosova im Frühling 2001, regionaler Kontext. (Deutsch, 38 Seiten, Stand 2.4.2001) AutorIn: Rahel Bösch, SFH 02.04.2001 kosova0103lagd.pdf Download http://www.sfh-osar.ch/imgupload/gutachten_laenderberichte/kosova0103lagd.pdf
Source: http://www.osce.org/news/generate.php3?news_id=1598 REPORT ON KOSOVO MINORITIES: ANYONE CAN BECOME A VICTIM Mission in Kosovo  Press Release  3 April 2001  (FULL TEXT OF REPORT: http://www.osce.org/kosovo/publications/pdf/minrep0301.pdf) PRISTINA, 3 April 2001 -- The Organization for Security Co-operation in Europe and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees today release their seventh joint assessment of the situation of minority communities in Kosovo. The 30-page report covers the period from October 2000 to February 2001. It highlights the continued lack of adequate security for those who find themselves part of a minority ethnic group surrounded by a majority population of different ethnicity.  After a long period in which ethnically motivated violence appeared to be declining, the period covered by this latest report was marked by a clear deterioration in the overall security situation for minority communities. It began with the killing of four Ashkaelia returnees and ended with the brutal attack on the Nis Express bus carrying members of the Serb community on 16 February 2001.  Attacks against individuals from minority communities increased sharply and violence seems to have been of a far more organized nature. Attacks on property and illegal occupation continue all over Kosovo. No ethnic group has been left untouched. While many would recognize the right to return for all people to their homes, very few people in today's Kosovo have the courage to take a firm stance, speak out and back their words with action. While the ongoing violence has shaken the confidence of the exposed minority populations, the frustration and uncertainty amongst the majority Kosovo Albanian population increases day by day. Efforts towards stabilization and improvement of the general security situation have been undermined by events of the past months; the number of arrests and successful prosecutions remains low.  Despite greater recognition of the issues and commitment to tackling them by many of the actors involved, the report shows that access to health services and employment remains difficult. The process of appointing crucial protection bodies at the municipal level, such as the Communities and Mediation Committees, is incomplete. Enhanced co-ordination and co-operation is required between the central authorities, the new municipal authorities, NGOs and the general population, including the minority communities themselves. While the volatile situation in southern Serbia and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia could have a negative impact on minority communities in Kosovo if not stabilized, international efforts to promote the right of return for Albanians to return to neighbouring countries and territories might provide an opportunity for Kosovo's population to reflect on the right of return for the minority population. A democratic society after all is best judged by how it treats its minority and not its majority population. For further information please contact: Claire Trevena, Spokesperson, OSCE Mission in Kosovo - tel: +377-44-500-150 Astrid van Genderen Stort, Spokesperson, UNHCR Kosovo – tel: +381-38-501-509 / +377-44-128-020

PLEASE read  ==> concerning prisoners - 18 January 2001

DEPLETED URANIUM FACT SHEET

Bündnis für Demokratie und Toleranz  » Ich bin deshalb sehr froh, gebeten worden zu sein, Mitglied des Unterstützer- kreises für dieses Bündnis zu werden. Diese wichtige und sehr begrüßenswerte Initiative gibt mir persönlich und UNHCR in prominenter Weise die Gelegenheit, für Toleranz und Respekt gegenüber jenen Menschen zu werben, die das Wagnis der Flucht und den Verlust der Heimat auf sich genommen haben. Auch Menschen, die im Asylverfahren scheitern, sind deshalb noch längst keine Kriminellen. Wer weiß, wie hoch die Hürden in einem solchen Verfahren sind, wird sich hüten, pauschal von massenhaftem Missbrauch zu sprechen. In diesem Sinne zu informieren und aufzuklären - darin sehe ich meine Hauptaufgabe."  Der Hohe Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen (UNHCR), Amt des Vertreters in der Bundesrepublik  Deutschland, Wallstr. 9-13, 10179 Berlin « zitiert aus: "Respekt gegenüber Flüchtlingen", UNHCR Berlin, 9. Januar 2001 http://www.unhcr.de/news/pr/pm010901.htm

 

» Ancil Adrian-Paul, a campaign manager for International Alert, says it is also important to focus on the contribution women make in rebuilding efforts.  "Peace is not an event that happens immediately," she says. It's a process that needs to be nurtured." « Quote from: Women-only prize honors peacemakers Christian Science Monitor, 8 Mar 2001 back010308.htm

WDR - Westdeutscher Rundfunk - Sendungen vom 29. Januar 2001

Arnsberg will seine Kosovo-Albaner behalten

Reise in den Kosovo     ==> arnsberg-010129.htm

download report in Word 97 doc format.
http://www.hlc.org.yu/english/reports/Abductions.doc

Wirtschaftskontakte zu Kosov@:

   IHKs richten bayerisches Wirtschaftsbüro in Prishtina ein

   Delegationsreise der Kontaktbörse Kosovo Frühjahr/Sommer 2001

Ein Schreiben der IHK Augsburg, Euro Info Centre, in dem die Pressemitteilung etwas konkreter ausgeführt wird, können Sie hier lesen, ebenfalls das Inhaltsverzeichnis eines "Kosovo-Leitfaden: Marktstudie, Programme und Institutionen in der Balkanregion" (20 Euro).
Bei Herrn Welz (e-mail: welz@augsburg.ihk.de) können Sie diesen Leitfaden bestellen und/oder sich über die für Frühjahr/Sommer geplante Delegationsreise der Kontaktbörse Kosovo erkundigen.
                      ==>  IHK-Augsburg-Wirtschaftskontakte-010203.htm

Der Exodus Israels aus Ägypten gilt als grundlegende Erfahrung des Volkes Gottes. Weil diese Fluchterfahrung immer wieder in Erinnerung gerufen wird, genießen Fremde im Alten Testament Schutz und sind der einheimischen Bevölkerung weitgehend gleichgestellt. Auch im Neuen Testament spielt die Zuwendung zu Fremden eine wichtige Rolle.

Die Bibel erzählt viel von Menschen, die einmal die Flucht ergriffen. Schon das 1. Buch Mose schildert mehrere Wanderungs- und Fluchtgeschichten. Viele biblische Gestalten sind vor Krieg und Unterdrückung geflohen oder haben ihre Heimat aus wirtschaftlichen und religiösen Gründen verlassen. Vor allem die Flucht der Israeliten aus Ägypten unter Führung von Mose hat maßgebliche Bedeutung für den jüdischen Glauben.
    Die Themen »Fremdsein« und »Umgang mit Fremden« spielen deshalb in der gesamten hebräischen Bibel eine wichtige Rolle. Dabei wird sorgfältig unterschieden zwischen Ausländern, die nur vorübergehend im Land sind als Reisende, Händler oder politische Delegationen - und Fremdlingen, die sich für längere Zeit niedergelassen haben.
    Besonders die fünf Bücher Mose regeln den Umgang mit diesen auch als »Beisasse« bezeichneten Menschen genau. Sie haben demnach einen besonderen Status, verfügen aber nicht über alle Rechte der Einheimischen.
    Ein Fremdling durfte beispielsweise kein Land besitzen. Erst in der Vision des Propheten Hesekiel vom künftigen Gottesstaat sollten Einheimische und Fremde auch in dieser Hinsicht gleichberechtigt sein (47,22f). Doch vorerst gilt, dass der Fremdling meist im Dienst eines Israeliten steht, der sein Herr und Beschützer ist.
    Weil ein zugezogener Ausländer in der Regel arm ist, wird er im Sozialsystem des alten Israel zu den wirtschaftlich Schwachen wie Witwen und Waisen gerechnet und hat wie sie Anspruch auf Hilfe. Selbstverständlich gelten für Fremdlinge und Einheimische auch dieselben staatlichen und religiösen Gesetze (3. Mose 20,22). Darüber hinaus wird mehrfach betont, dass die Ausländer unter göttlichem Schutz stehen (5. Mose 10,17f, Psalm 146,9).
    Theologisch besonders bedeutsam ist das Liebesgebot für die Einheimischen: Sie sollen die Beisassen lieben »wie sich selbst« (3. Mose 19,34). Diese Forderung wird unterstrichen durch den ausdrücklichen Hinweis an die einheimische Bevölkerung, dass ihre Vorfahren selbst »Fremdlinge gewesen sind in Ägypten«. Eindringlich beschwört auch das »Sch'ma Jisrael« (das jüdische Glaubensbekenntnis in 5. Mose 6, das jeder Jude täglich beten soll) die Erfahrung der Fremdheit Israels in »Städten, die du nicht gebaut hast« mit »Weinbergen, die du nicht gepflanzt hast«.
    Doch nicht nur die hebräische Bibel kennt Erfahrungen von Fremdheit und Flucht, auch dem Neuen Testament sind solche Lebensumstände nicht fremd. Nach dem Lukasevangelium entzog Josef schon bald nach der Geburt das Jesuskind und seine Mutter Maria der Nachstellung durch König Herodes.
    Der Apostel Paulus entwich mehrmals seinen Verfolgern. Als römischer Bürger hatte er dabei freilich das Privileg, sich überall im riesigen Römischen Reich ungehindert niederlassen zu dürfen. Früh entstand die Vorstellung, dass Christen auf dieser Welt generell als Fremde leben - ganz so, wie es die ersten Christen in überwiegend nicht-christlicher Umgebung tagtäglich erlebten.
    Herausragende Bedeutung für einen christlichen Umgang mit Fremden im Land hat Jesu so genannte »Rede vom Weltgericht« (Matthäus 25): Darin misst er seine Zuhörerschaft an ihrer Zuwendung zu Bedürftigen aller Art. Eindeutig belegen das seine Worte: »Was ihr getan habt einem von diesen meinen geringsten Brüdern (und Schwestern), das habt ihr mir getan« (Vers 40).

Sabine Ost 
Sonntagsblatt 24./31. Dezember 2000 Nr.52/53

Because the year 2000 must be a new beginning, an opportunity to transform - all together - the culture of war and violence into a culture of peace and non-violence.